Handicraft business in the UK

Workmanship business in the UK Presentation The target of this report is to examine and set up the field-tested strategy for a craftsmanship business in UK. This field-tested strategy manages the possibility investigation, thought age, and industry examination at both the neighborhood and worldwide level to comprehend the market and business factors. The market investigation is likewise done, essentially through the auxiliary sources to catch the expected interest of handiworks in the UK advertise and the patterns which the client are searching for in this industry. Subsequent to dissecting the interest, the specialized investigation was accomplished for the business. For the accomplishment of any business, it is vital that the thought or the premise of the arrangement ought to be solid. In any case, it is likewise basic that the arrangement should consider a genuine picture of financials to have a solid establishment on which the business can be based upon. Thusly in the report, a nitty gritty readiness of income investigation, gainfulness examination and the normal use in the business has been dealt with. The report has mulled over the hazard factor additionally which the business needs to consider before initiating on the work. Handiwork is a business which needs money related capital as well as human capital and it is fundamental that gifted work is accessible in bounty. The weakening rate is low in this industry gave they are offered sufficient help and wages. In the report I have attempted to address that issue too. Additionally the way wherein the items would be sold and advanced in the market would be dealt with. We would not be opening our own stores for the present and would sell on to different retailers. Anyway opening the stores isn't disposed of as entire until further notice and would be viewed as a choice at a later stage in the life of the business. Substantial spending is wanted to advance the items in the underlying period of the business and different media vehicles would be attempted upon to advance the items well in the market. The business starting at now concentrating basically on the UK showcase and later on in the later stage, the business can be extended further. Craftsmanship Industry The craftsmanship business is one of the most profitable areas in the economy. The explanation being that this segment utilizes the crude materials as well as give business chances to various individuals. Hence not just money related capital and crude material is utilized yet in addition a great deal of human capital is additionally utilized around here (Garrison, 2008). As per United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Symposium on â€Å"Crafts and the International Market: Trade and customs codification†, Manila, Philippines, October 1997. Crafted works can be characterized as items which are delivered either totally by hand or with the assistance of instruments. Mechanical devices might be utilized as long as the immediate manual commitment of the craftsman remains the most considerable segment of the completed item. Painstaking work are produced using the crude materials and can be delivered in boundless numbers. Such items can be utilitarian, stylish, social, aesthetic and may have a social, strict and representative importance (Robertson, 2002). Industry Analysis UK has been a nation with a rich and various culture. Parcel of transient populace likewise lives in different pieces of the nation. It is a result of this that craftsmanship industry has assumed a significant job in this nation. The business gives monetary favorable position much on account of the interest from different layers of the populace (Mathias, 2001). Painstaking work have consistently pulled in individuals much on account of their social significance and it crosses hindrances as well. The clients in any market search for crafted works from the nearby market as well as from different nations (Barlow, 1991). In this way both the social and money related qualities are connected to this industry. This industry by its mass and creation scale lies in the white collar class as very little fund and assembling offices are required around here. The business is decentralized and is work concentrated. Very few players battle in this market and just little players work here. The division utilizes many individuals and therefore goes about as a mechanism of work for parcel of individuals. The part has seen an expansion in development much because of the way that individuals have been progressively open to the way of life of different nations and are tolerating it all the more regularly. The time of globalization has helped in the recovery of th is industry in the UK showcase as well as in different markets as well (Andrews, 2009). Characterization of Handicrafts Industry Workmanship items can be recognized into the accompanying: Metal product Wood product Hand printed materials Weaved and stitched products Wraps Floor coverings Weaved products Bamboo items Zari products Ceramic and jute items Different painstaking work SWOT Analysis of Handicraft Industry Qualities Market is expanded and has tremendous potential Nearness of enormous item assortment in view of different societies Low capital venture Adaptability underway of merchandise according to advertise request Low obstructions to the section of new players Items sold are high worth ones and have differentiated use Shortcoming Absence of coordination between government bodies and organizations Lacking data on the current market patterns Absence of talented work Openings Improvement of household the travel industry part which helps in boosting deals. Use of web and different advancements in boosting the market potential Rising interest due to individuals getting progressively open to societies Dangers Absence of marking openings in this segment Dangers from the creating nations like India and China as far as assets Business Proposition We would bargain in the restricted arrangement of workmanship industry the same number of items go under its domain. Our organization would serve the necessities of the clients in just the wooden handiworks showcase. The purpose behind picking this is in UK showcase these items are utilized nearly in each home. Items like embellishing seats, work areas, beds, couches which are made by hand are viewed as high worth items in the market as clients search for something other than what's expected. Especially for the UK client, they need items which fill their practical need as well as include a bonus. It is with this that we intend to enter in this industry with this particular arrangement of items. Wooden painstaking work allude to a wide scope of wooden things conveying utilitarian and aesthetic worth that are made by hand o with the utilization of basic devices. They are made by unrivaled workmanship, have fine plans and have unpretentious style. The items require low capital speculation to fabricate. The wooden workmanship segment gives a high proportion of significant worth expansion and has risen as one of the significant wellsprings of outside trade in the nation as well. (Sumption, 2010) Market Analysis Greater part of the current players in the market bargain in practically all the item classifications in the wooden craftsmanship industry. (Macleod, 2006) Retailing isn't finished by them and they bargain in for the most part the creation part. They have retailing contracts with different accomplices which assist them with selling the items Month to month creation units are significantly in the scope of thousands of units for all the items consolidated Wooden and glass crafted works are significantly popular in the UK showcase. (John, 2006) Inventories are normally kept low as these items are sold and created in lower units in the market. Practically all the players in the market enlist the work at a legally binding premise as opposed to on a lasting premise. A considerable lot of the players take the course of presentation to elevate their items to the clients. (Mathias, 2001) These items are high edge items as they are fundamentally esteem based ones. Thus high edge and medium volume is commonly the pattern in the business Rivalry The accompanying players as of now work in the market and sell wooden crafted works in the market. World Art and Crafts Ltd. Java Art Components Ltd. Request Analysis and Forecasting During our investigation we likewise dissected the interest design for the different items in the wooden workmanship market and it came to around 50000 units for every month on estimation. There is an interest gracefully hole in the market as indicated by our flexibly the current players in the market can give near 30000 units as it were. Thus we believe a tremendous potential to be make up for lost time in the market.(Boseley,2009) The market is developing intently at a yearly pace of 15%. Thus it is concluded that the limit would be at first 60% for the principal year and afterward it will develop appropriately. Showcasing Channel As referenced previously, our business includes just assembling the items. Accordingly we would utilize a system of retailers called accomplices to sell our items in the market. These eventual for the most part large retailers like WalMart, Tesco and so on. Key Marketing Plan Wooden handiwork especially the furniture part is an unbranded ware and thus makers by and large don't need to spend a lot on the limited time part. It is better for them to expand the edge given to the retailers with the goal that they push the organization item more before the clients. Anyway so as to separate our contribution and to catch the client base, it is important to have a fundamental key advertising plan. The accompanying would be the techniques utilized by us: Consistent gracefully with ideal conveyance to satisfy the interest in the market in this manner furnishing items with high caliber Items would be given accentuation on the plan front. Structures would be founded on a few subjects Requests would likewise be dismantled online from the clients from being accessible in the retail The organization plans to the two fabricates the items locally in the UK showcase just as import some of it from the Indian market. Indians assume an imperative job in UK both as far as exchange and socioeconomics and

Speech The Turnitin Plagiarism Prevention System

Question: The prerequisite to deliver a short discourse will permit to build up a more profound energy about a key subject The Turnitin copyright infringement counteraction framework? Answer: Budget summaries are incorporated announcing both are fundamental in current business however on account of coordinated revealing it is progressively advance and refreshed detailing framework that gives a few bit of leeway to the organizations since it is an adaptable framework that incorporates fiscal summaries as well as non-money related too. In these present long periods of business it is gotten exceptionally fundamental to actualize an inventive strategies and instruments that will help in development of the business and assists with making a novel character in ten current objective markets by giving satisfactory fixation on the utilitarian territories that requires consideration. Because of the development mechanical instruments are actualized by the announcing authority there is no distributions happens in regards to the information assortment the dependable and approve information were gathered effectively with the assistance of database framework and above all the accuracy o f the information is expanded in light of the fact that appropriate investigation is finished by the examination. In this manner, the current revealing procedure is wiped out by the cutting edge and progressed coordinated detailing framework and it assists with improving the whole announcing process. Then again, the joins need more an ideal opportunity to settle on a compelling choice in the wake of playing out the budget reports examination that will help in building up better business opportunity and for this specific reason the coordinated framework helps in keeping up the equalization of the exactness and systems. Long haul viable procedure is executed by the incorporated framework by breaking down the present market situation and budgetary remaining of the organization. Notwithstanding, it very well may be inferred that coordinated framework is actualized on the grounds that in the previous decade the budgetary and non money related execution of organization was not satisfactor y and it certes a few commitments for the administrative position and by executing the incorporated revealing framework this specific hindrance is dispensed with and straightforward monetary execution of different organizations are shown imaginatively by the framework.

Media Control: The Spectacular achievments of propaganda Essay

Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda. Summation of the book. Chomsky analyzes and investigates the utilization of purposeful publicity in the broad communications. His emphasis stays on the â€Å"elite† as he would call them, or the organizations and government officials that control the broad communications in our nation. He talks about how the U.S. government utilized promulgation so as to pick up help for our country’s association in wars from Wilson’s administration to Bush Sr., and now in our alleged â€Å"War on Terror† brought upon by George W. Bramble. He clarifies how he accepts this tip top gathering of individuals control the psyches of those that are less instructed, and without a receptive outlooks. He accepts that promulgation has been utilized through the broad communications to direct this populace towards supporting political interests. Why I picked this book. I had gotten notification from huge numbers of my companions about Noam Chomsky and how he may simply be the most significant scholarly alive today. So while I was helping my companion with a task of hers I ran over this book at her home. I flipped through two or three pages and chose to utilize this book for this venture. I figured it would give another understanding into the job of our administration in the media. How this book identifies with this class. This book talks about the administrations job in the media. Despite the fact that Chomsky’s perspectives may be viewed as to some degree outrageous by certain gauges, his message s significant. We have talked about the administration control of the media. For instance, President Roo...

Schindler’S List Essay Assignment Example For Students

Schindler’S List Essay Assignment As indicated by the Internet Movie Database, Schindlers List is Steven Spielbergs third best film he has coordinated. Spielberg utilizes every unique kind of symbolism to delineate how it really was back when the Nazis were submitting slaughter. He utilizes explicit individuals to show how terrible it was. Passing is utilized by indicating how effectively the Nazi fighters would execute a blameless jew. The Girl in the Red Coat is additionally used to show that anybody can be slaughtered. Spielberg additionally includes that they utilized jewish headstones to clear a street all through the work camp. He utilizes every one of these pictures to make such a dismal, yet amazing film. To begin with, the german officials grasped the lives of a huge number of jews, and they removed it with a solitary projectile. They would end their lives execution style. Oskar utilizes a man that has one arm. Later on in the film, he is seen scooping snow well, attempting to scoop day off. A SS official at that point shoots the man directly in the head, and his blood is demonstrated hurrying down the white day off. The SS official had not in any case dithered, he threatened to use his firearm out and fired. In a later scene, a lady engineer is indicated surging over to the officials to reveal to them that they have to remake the structure or it will fall. A request is given to murder her, they shoot her without hesitating. Her blood is then recolored in the encompassing day off. What's more, after she is executed, the boss provides a request to reconstruct the structure. He murdered her for reasons unknown; no explanation by any stretch of the imagination. The german officials are thoughtless, dormant individuals. Likewise, the whole movie is shot clearly, so the executive can make certain items stick out. For example, The Girl in the Red Coat is a young lady around six years old. Oskar recognizes her from the highest point of a mountain running, and escaping the german officials. At that point, later on in the film, Oskar is strolling through a camp, and spots this young lady, dead in push cart. The push cart is additionally loaded up with others. Oskars outward appearance promptly drops when he recognizes the red coat. Spielberg utilizes The Girl in the Red Coat to delineate the blamelessness of the jewish individuals. Its incredible to show how the Germans would slaughter the jewish individuals no sweat; cool as a cucumber. Moreover, the Nazis incorporate a street driving with and through the camp, made out of jewish headstones. This doesnt simply include truly precise pictures, it shows the complete destruction of the Jewish race. A whole graveyard was uncovered, a great many ages was lost after they have done it. They could always be unable to distinguish their resting spot of the previous jews. By expelling the gravestones, this at that point precludes the complete presence from claiming any jew that once strolled the earth. Not to mention they did it to demonstrate that they were never going to be recalled when they were no more. To come clean, that just nauseates me. They would demolish the resting spots of past family members, to fabricate a street. I could see that street being the street of death. Strolling over headstones into the camp that will in the long run murder you; that is the means by which I see it. All things considered, Steven Spielberg coordinated an amazing film; it indicated the genuine agony of the Holocaust. Liam Neeson, which I commend, didn't get an oscar for this film; lewdness I state. This film made me destroy toward the end when Schindler was blustering how he could have spared more. He began not in any case thinking about these jews, however toward the end, he cherished them. This was such an incredible film, I adored each moment of it.

Essay Topics to Avoid Using When Writing on Law Enforcement Or Use of Force

Essay Topics to Avoid Using When Writing on Law Enforcement Or Use of ForceAs the use of force is a very hot button issue in the public debate, it is wise to use essay topics that are not centered on law enforcement or the legal system. It may not seem fair but it is just reality.The original content can still be used but the public will not find out about it unless you announce it to them. Some people will try to hide the fact that they wrote on an essay topic related to the use of force in police officers.There is no reason for anyone to be uncomfortable with the use of force or controversial issues in public discourse. If they were they would not even be writing at all. A person may feel uncomfortable with the use of force or controversial issues in public discourse but that is not because they are bigots or even uneducated, it is just human nature.That is what makes the discussion of the subject so difficult in our public discourse. It is difficult for many people to express thei r views and have an open mind.When a person takes the time to research and understand the issues then they will better be able to take an educated stand on controversial issues. They will be more confident in expressing their views because they have already done the research and understanding the issues. It takes some guts to do that if you are unsure of your position.In addition to this, if you choose to write on an essay topic related to the use of force in police officers or controversial issues in public discourse, make sure that you will include original content. You may not want to use your name or information on your essay if it is not part of your original content. Your readers will get the impression that you are trying to mislead them.If you use your name, at least include an official letter from your law firm confirming that your name is original content for your essay. This letter will give the reader confidence that your essay is coming from you.When selecting essay top ics that are not so controversial in nature, read a sample of recent essays to get an idea of what to write. Make sure that you will have something original to say so that you do not need to use your name.

ACT Math Algebra Everything You Need to Know

Of the 60 questions on the ACT math section, about 21 of them will consist of algebra problems. Thats about 1/3 of the total math test, so youll need to have a firm grasp on the concepts here in order to do well. First, well take a quick look at the elementary algebra topics you need to know for the ACT, conveniently listed so that you can go through and pick out the topics you need to work on. A list of intermediate algebra topics follows. Finally, well go into greater depth on intermediate algebra and the top three content areas you need to know for the ACT. Photo by felixleong ACT Math: Elementary Algebra Topics Solving Expressions With Substitution Here you need to be very comfortable to manipulating equations, solving a problem with given expressions and numbers, and plugging in numbers. This is your basic bread and butter of algebra,. Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Know how to combine like terms and how to factor. In order to do this, youll need to know basic math properties such as the associative and distributive property. Writing/Solving Expressions and Equations On some problems, youll need to take a word problem and convert it into simple linear equation or expression in order to solve it. To solve equations, the most reliable way to get to the answer is by isolating the variable on one side of the equation and the numbers on the other side. Multiplying Binomials When you see a binomial, the first thing you should think about is FOIL. This stands for First, Outer, Inner, and Last. Inequalities You can treat these the same as equations, but remember that the sign flips and points the other way whenever you multiply or divide both sides by a negative number. ACT Math: Intermediate Algebra Topics Quadratic Equations Most of the time, you can factor a quadratic equation problem on the ACT. However, you should know the quadratic formula just in case you need it. For more on quadratic equations, see below. Systems of Equations There are multiple ways to solve a system of equations – so make sure you know how to do it several ways. Depending on the problem, one way will be quicker than another. More info on systems of equations follows below! Relationships Among Variables in an Equation Youll sometimes come across some tougher questions that ask you to think about what happens to one variable as another variable increases or decreases. If you arent sure, you can try plugging in a few values and check the answer. Beware of variables to a power higher (or lower) than 1. Functions The ACT likes to throw in multistep problems that involve figuring out the answer to one function and then plugging that answer into a second function. Make sure you dont confuse one function with the other! Logarithms You wont see too many of these on the ACT, but make sure you know how they work and the basics of logarithms. If you dont, scroll down and take a look at Intermediate Algebra In-Depth. Matrices Again, its a topic that is not tested very often, but make sure you familiarize yourself with them so that you dont waste too much time trying to remember how they work. ACT Math: Intermediate Algebra In-Depth Three conceptsquadratics, systems of equations, and logarithmsare probably ones with which you’re less a bit less familiar (especially logarithms), but they come up fairly regularly on the ACT Math Test. In these types of problems, youll use some of the exact same skills you did for elementary algebra, but in more complex ways. Here are the basics you’ll need to know to master these types of questions. Quadratic equations have three terms and are in the form ax ² + bx + c. An example of a quadratic is x ² – 5x + 6. To find the factors of this equation, we must set up our set of two parentheses: ( )( ). The first term in both parentheses must be x, since x multiplied by x is the only way to get x ². Then we look at the coefficient of the second term, -5. It’s important to include the sign in front of the integer as part of the coefficient. One of the rules of quadratic equations is that the second terms in the two factors must add together to equal the middle term’s coefficient. So we need to think of two numbers that add together to give us -5. Already, we can think of many combinations: -6 and 1, -2 and -3, -200 and 105. So which pair is it? Now we have to look at the integer that’s the third term of the quadratic. Here it’s + 6. Another rule of quadratic equations is that the third term of the quadratic equation will equal the product of the second terms in the two factors. So not only do we need the two numbers to add together to equal -5, but we need them to multiply together to equal + 6. Therefore the factors must be: (x – 2) (x – 3). The â€Å"roots† or the â€Å"solutions† for this quadratic would be 2 and 3. The ACT Math Test will often present you with two or more equations with multiple variables. Remember the â€Å"n equations with n variables rule.† If there are 2 variables in an equation (for example, x and y), then there must be 2 equations that each contain those variables in order to solve. The two common ways to solve are Substitution and Combination. Logarithms are a unique way of writing exponents. We’re used to seeing exponents in a format like y = xa. In â€Å"logs† that equation is equal to logx(y) = a. This is the most essential piece of information you’ll need to solve logarithms. You can get more practice with logarithms on Purple Math! Let’s try a practice logarithm problem, just like the ones you might see on Test Day: Given that logxa = 2 and logxb = 3, what is the value of logx(ab)3? 6 15 36 54 216 Here, the term we are interested in, logx(ab)3, is equivalent to 3logx(ab). This can also be expressed as 3logxa + 3logxb, and since we know the values of logxa and logxb, we can substitute to find the answer. logx(ab)3 = 3logxa + 3logxb = 3(2) + 3(3) = 15 (Choice B). If you dont know these logarithmic identities, you can still solve the problem by finding values for x, a, and b that satisfy the conditions. Then, simply calculate the value of log(x)(ab)3. The easiest way to do this is to work with a base of 10, which would mean that x = 10, a = 100, and b = 1,000. We can then calculate the answer: logx(ab)3 = log(10)(100 * 1,000)3 = log(10)(1,000,000,000,000,000) = log(10)(1015) = 15. The answer is (B). ACT Algebra Review: What to Do Next Now its time for you to put your head down and study hard. If you have a mountain of studying to do, dont despair! I strongly recommend that you break it down into manageable, small sections so that you can learn effectively while avoiding burnout. Good luck! Ready for more advanced stuff? Check out our ACT Trigonometry guide!

An Aim Of The Electoral College - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1493 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? Time for a change: Electoral College The Electoral College was designed and founded in a time when the United States was far more decentralized than today. When the Constitution was written itrs arguable that states were more powerful than the central government. Throughout our history, extraordinary change has occurred, including the abolition of slavery, womenrs suffrage, the passing of the civil rights acts, and the legalization of gay marriage. However, although the country as a whole has progressed, and continues to progress, there has been little change since the framing of the Constitution 229 years ago regarding the electoral college. The President has the power and the responsibility to administer laws, declare foreign policy, and guide the people, representing them as head of state. It is crucial that this elected official truly represents the people he serves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Aim Of The Electoral College" essay for you Create order In order for the rule of law to democratically reflect the needs of the American people, there must be change to coincide with an ever-changing nation and world. Currently the Electoral College is more of a relevant problem than ever before, with this past election recently contributing to history books as the 5th time the winner of the election did not win the popular vote, but won the electoral votes. I believe it is time for a change, a reformation where the people are able to grasp the power that should have been theirs from the creation of their nation. The power for the people to be able to protect the future of our country must not be besmirched by antiquated customs. I am of the opinion that the Electoral College is an archaic system, that needs to be abandoned or deeply revised in order for the President to truly represent the People of the United States. A key purpose of the Electoral College is for every, state regardless of size, to have a say in who becomes the representative of the American people, however this resulted in over representation of the small states and the Electoral College favors small states over large states rather than equal representation for all. Rather than an outdated system that provides more powerful votes to a person in some states rather than others, based merely on state of residence, I believe that every individualrs vote should be as impactful as the rest. No greater, no less. The development of the Electoral College system was a rather logical solution when first implemented, due to the fact that the President was meant to be a leader of the individual states more than he was meant to be a leader of the people. The founding fathers in fact feared democracy and as a result established the Electoral College to protect the people from themselves, they believed too much power in the hands of the people bestowed by direct democracy could result in the people being misled by a tyrannical presidential candidate they could elect, or a tyranny of the majority, as said by founding father John Adams. I believe that the average voter today is more than capable of making their own informed decision; They do not need to be protected by the aristocratic elites. According to Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., an esteemed social critic and former President John F. Kennedys speechwriter, Direct popular election of the President, is the only system that is truly democratic, truly equitable, and can truly reflect the will of the people as well as being the only voting method that meets the moral criteria of a democracy. Schlesinger is not wrong here, a true democracy requires fair and equal power to all voters. Simila rly, the only way for our country to fully realize the democratic ideals which it originally was based upon, we must grant each citizen the equal and unbiased representation that they deserve. Towards the end of the presidential election process it merely becomes a race between two of the nominated candidates of the Democrat and Republican party, Third parties become powerless in the hands of the Electoral College due to the Plurality voting system it employs. Douglass J. Amy, a leading expert on electoral voting systems, states that our current election system, severely limits the organization options of groups outside the political mainstream. Simply put, third parties can never succeed as Plurality rules tend to foster two-party systems by systematically discriminating against minor parties and making it extremely difficult for them to achieve any electoral success. At this point of the election each electoral vote is crucial to the success or loss of either candidate. This becomes a problem with the Electoral College as citizens begin to ponder that if they were to vote for a third party candidate, one they truly identify with, they are also contributing to the success of a possible unfavorable candidate to them as third parties tend to never achieve any success but simply take votes from the two main parties. In this situation many would settle for the lesser of two evils choice and sacrifice their actual opinions and beliefs and vote for an individual merely so the other main candidate wont succeed. According to Travis N. Rieder a writer of the washington post, the people are being put in the position of choosing an eternal moral principle over an internal one. This goes against principles of diversity within our nation and fighting for what you believe in, given the circumstances where the two parties are truly the only ones that matter. Citizens must make the decision to either vote for what they believe in or vote for a candidate they dont e ntirely support. Within the timespan of approximately 2 years, presidential candidates must travel across the nation in attempt to inform the American people of their campaign goals. Yet the Electoral College inhibits the candidates from visiting states that they are confident they have secured votes from and instead concentrate on battleground states, where the polls show the contest is likely to be closest.(Edwards) and where presidential candidates will focus most of their time due to the possibility of the votes going either red or blue. This results in states with tendencies of remaining blue or red for an extended period of time to be kept in the dark from presidential campaign visits. Whatrs the point in voting if your vote really doesnt make a difference? The Electoral College system may very well be a contributing factor to the decreasing voter turnout in recent years as people believe their civil duty is limited due to the insignificance of their vote, the electoral college does not represent the one man one vote system where every vote counts and can make a difference in the election results. Typically the popular vote matches the electoral vote and the end result is the same, but in these odd instances where the American people vote for a candidate and the electoral college votes differently, therers a problem. As stated by Lucius Wilmerding Jr. a former consultant of the Federal Reserve Board, The Electors were never meant to choose a President, but only to announce the votes of the People. Unfortunately this is not the case due to Faithless Electors who vote not for the candidate they pledged to vote for but instead vote upon personal preference, no longer reflecting the American Peoples desire but reflect their own opinion. By implementing the Automatic plan it will eliminate the threat of Electors voting based on their own preference and instead will enforce the Electors to vote based on the peoplers preference. This solution allows the Electoral college to be kept, and more democracy is established. Another solution would be the Virginia Plan where the Electoral votes are distributed based on the popular winner within each of the congressional districts and the statewide popular vote winner receives two additional votes, or otherwise implementing the congressional district plan states such as Nebraska and Maine utilize today. By adding these modifications to the Election system there will be balance between centralized government ideals and a true democratic Nation. Overall the Electoral College has proven to become quite the hindrance for democracy. The popular vote must have more effect and power in the election process, otherwise It eliminates the point in the people voting, The people who actually represent the nation. the poor and middle class, the common individual not the aristocratic elite who believe they know whatrs best for the nation, as former president Andrew Jackson once said The majority is to govern not the small group of elites. Simply put the popular vote along with modifications to the Electoral College such as the Automatic, Virginia, and congressional district plans, are what true democracy is. Where every single vote counts equally. popular vote will pose more of an impact and the people of the United States will respond. The people will reach validity through their empowered civil duty that shouldve been theirs from the start and the future of our nation will be bright through the Peoplers vote.

World War I and the Home Front Essay - 991 Words

World War I began in 1914 but America remained neutral until its entrance into the war in 1917. The U-boats sinking of the British liner Lusitania in 1915, the sinking of five American ships in 1917, and the â€Å"Zimmerman telegram† sent from Germany to Mexico led up to America’s declaration of war. America’s involvement in World War I not only impacted the war front but also the home front. When America entered World War I in 1917 the U.S. Government enforced many measures on its citizens. Some of these measures violated constitutional rights. The biggest measure inflicted on the American population was censorship. The formation of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) and the passing of the Espionage Act and Sedition Amendment†¦show more content†¦Americans became afraid of and disdainful towards anything German. Affairs associated with Germans or Germany ceased such as German bands, German courses in schools, and renaming German associated words such as German Measles to Liberty Measles. Many German-Americans felt loyal to America but still had ties to Germany. Ambassador James W. Gerard warned, â€Å"but now that we are in the war there are only two sides, and the time has come when every citizen must declare himself American – or traitor!† Intolerance towards all things German made German-Americans cautious and discreet in their s peech and actions. Government censorship continued with the passing of the Espionage Act in 1917 and the Sedition Amendment in 1918. The Espionage Act and Sedition Amendment condemned any antiwar activity or desecrating of the government, Constitution, flag, or military. The American public were almost at a point where they could not have an opinion, unless in support of the war and government. Even Wilson stated, Woe be to the man or group of men that seeks to stand in our way. These acts of censorship gave birth to a suspicious nation. World War I ended in 1918, but suspicious America was stillShow MoreRelatedThe World War I, The Australian Home Front1702 Words   |  7 PagesDuring World War I, the Australian home front was impacted by a long and varying list of occurrences during the period of time between the years of 1914 to 1918. The home front was influenced politically through the arguments over the conscription vote and as Australia became divided between the different war beliefs. It was also influenced by social change, as the use of censorship drastically altered the Australians’ views of war and women began to pick up odd jobs in order to assist the soldiersRead MoreWorld War I and the Home Front Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s involvement in World War I not only impacted the war front but also the people left on the home front. When America entered World War I in 1917 the government enforced many measures on its citizens, many of which violated constitutional rights. The bigg est measure inflicted on the American population was censorship. The formation of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) and the passing of the Espionage Act and Sedition Amendment stole American’s freedom of speech, created an anti-GermanRead MoreThe Impact On The Australian Home Front1244 Words   |  5 Pagesafter the outbreak of World War I, an immense wave of support flooded Britain from her ally, Australia. All Australian political parties, community leaders, newspapers and churches were on-board with this major movement to help the mother country. All believed it was a morally right and necessary commitment . World War I, 1914 – 1918 had a significant and long lasting impact on the Australian home front. ‘The civilian population ’ had to undergo many changes to cater for the war. 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Through the whole story comes the theme of war as a terribleRead MoreEffects of War in All Quiet of the Western Front Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesIn All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque progressively shows the brutality of war through the eyes of soldiers claiming their innocence, and also the effects of war on the people in the home front . In this essay I will be discussing the effect of war on both the combatants and non combatants in this novel. Remarque cleverly illustrates what men at the front go through in war, he describe how quickly soldiers realise the reality of war. â€Å"We march up, moody or good-tempered

Context And Problem / Opportunity - 2092 Words

I. Context and Problem/Opportunity (~100 words) Youngcare as an NGO (non-government organization) needs volunteers and monetary donations to help some young Aussies for avoiding acknowledgment to aged care currently (Youngcare, 2016). However, the CEO of Volunteering Australia mentioned that government decides decrease the budgets on volunteers program for next four years (Williams et al., 2016). Meanwhile, Australian government plans to cut about $800M in supporting charity medical services (Trio, Trio, Goodman, Baxter, 2016). Although, Youngcare has a few volunteers and some monetary donations, this realistic situation and related policies are in harmful to its development. Thus, there are some marketing strategies to get more†¦show more content†¦That is an opportunity to build and develop Youngcare. Youngcare needs government financial support and has a strong work connection with them. For example, Youngcare offers medical data to the government to promote the reform of medical equipment prices, and produced a repor t about the legal production with disabilities (Youngcare, 2016). However, the IMF (International Monetary Fund) had mentioned that the universal economy development is tough deceleration with high risks influenced on people (Hodges, 2013). Meanwhile, the latest data of Australian Senate shows they will decide to cut the health charity funds totally $197.1M in the next four years (Moore, Wellington, McHale, 2015). That is adverse for non-profit charities. Because these non-profits charities are necessary to an accomplishment of the community and healthy consequence. Thus, the budget cuts will directly influence people attempting overcome some challenges and issues when they face the communities and home (Trio, Trio, Goodman, Baxter, 2016). Furthermore, there is a high competition in charity industry. The charity industry is as a huge pie makes people complete sharing this pie to get more organization income, such as sponsors and clientele (Ruperto Kerr, 2009). As Barman (2002) sa id, the competing resources of charities are increasing which definitely increases the

Stanford Hospitals And Clinics ( Shc ) - 1066 Words

Stanford Hospitals and Clinics (SHC) is a world renowned academic health system that is comprised of 386 primary and specialty care clinics and the 476 bed Stanford Hospital (US News World, 2015). The hospital and most clinics are situated in Stanford, California or the surrounding cities. The mission of SHC is â€Å"to care, to educate, and to discover for the benefit of patients and the larger community† (Denend, Mendelson Zenios, 2010). They exemplify this mission by being nationally ranked in 13 adult specialties, including: #9 in ear, nose, and throat; #10 in cancer; #13 in diabetes; and #18 in cardiology (US News and World Report, 2015). Their excellent across multiple disciplines has helped SHC gain worldwide recognition for†¦show more content†¦The CareCast CPOE system in this organization failed in part to poor planning, poor governance, and lack of financial commitment. There must be a visible and sustained top down support to complete the implementati on process, which is expected to be a 3 to 6 year commitment. 2. The $60 million IT infrastructure improvement completed by SHC in 2005 provided enough improvement and stability in the legacy systems and network to allow for the EPIC installation. 3. The CPOE system failed due to lack of provider by-in. The use of the Medical Informatics Directors Working Group (MIDWG) will help to establish appropriate ownership and control over the process, as well as deliver a design workflow process and order sets that will be accepted and used by the medical staff. 4. The medical staff has been using â€Å"best of breed† systems and has concerns of loss of key functions. However, they agreed to adopt EPIC, an enterprise-wide system designed for maximal integration and continuity of care throughout the continuum. This agreement was reached without any understanding of a potential loss of functionality in the new system, and an assumption the new system will be acceptable to the physicians once installed. 5. This institution’s reputation of excellence was established through cutting edge care. The assumption is anShow MoreRelatedUniversity Emr Implementation : Case Analysis1282 Words   |  6 PagesStanford EMR Implementation: Case Analysis This case analysis of Stanford’s Hospital and Clinics (SHC) electronic medical record (EMR) system implementation will focus on how the healthcare organization focused on resolving a problem to meet regulatory pressures and responded to an opportunity to create operational efficiency, by capitalizing on the use of information technology to help reduce costs. We will discuss the organization’s IT problems, opportunities, and the alternatives available to

The Media and the Decline of Critical Thinking - 2599 Words

The role of the media in our society has increased dramatically in the last one hundred years. We have gone from taking weeks to send a message a thousand miles away, to being able to send a message instantly anywhere around the globe. The effects this has had on information being exchanged over many different forms of media is staggering. The question that has come to be asked over the years, is what effect has this had on us. Media not only influences the way we see world events such as through the news media, but in the ways we spend our money though commercial media. It has had an effect on how we entertain ourselves and has at times been the focal point of the entire nation at once such as the Kennedy assassination†¦show more content†¦In these ways print may also be used to manipulate and push agendas, which may or may not be in the best interests of everyone. We have seen throughout history, print used by world leaders and governments to get the message they are tryin g to send to as many of their citizens, as quickly as possible. Print medias use by totalitarian governments to push it’s propaganda on citizens and others outside the borders. Adolf Hitler used print media to push his Nazi party agenda throughout Germany, and later the nations he overran, effectively in the early 20th century. We have also seen print bring down administrations, such as President Nixon’s Watergate scandal in 1974. Indeed it does appear that sometimes the pen is mightier than the sword, and other times the pen ends up being the sword. Print is also used in the form of magazines, which are usually tailored to a specific taste or interest, to promote thoughts and ideas. Most of the time these are perfectly harmless, but sometimes a message can have an underlying subliminal effect. An example of this may be the portrayal in the media of what an ideal housewife should be in 40’s and 50’s, having an adverse effect in the liberation movement in the same era. The same can be said of magazines, which place celebrities on a pedestal, creating an ideal that no real human can live up to. Print media must also share some blame, in the self-esteem problems suffered by young women, by the promotionShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Technology on the Critical Thinking of Tertiary Students in School X657 Words   |  3 PagesChapter One: Introduction Background A university is a tertiary institution of higher learning, where persons go to obtain academic degrees and certificates in a variety of career paths. This level of educational training requires critical thinking and analytical skills. A person who is pursuing a degree or has received a degree in any subject area is expected to behave or operate in a manner that is different from a person who has not matriculated to this level. Although this is what is expectedRead MoreTechnology and its Negative Effect on Society Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices before the newer up-to-date models arrive. Technology has negative effects on society, because it is causing our critical thinking and social interaction skills to decline, it is disrupting the American family unit, and it has caused us to become a distracted society that is constantly disrupted from our priorities. Firstly technology is causing a decline in our critical thinking and social interaction skills. Once, in a time of pre-internet and before cell phones were the norm, people met faceRead MoreTechnology : Overused By Children1740 Words   |  7 Pagespoor physical health, less critical thinking skills/imagination and psychological issues. 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If the information provided to the U.S. citizens is distorted, then they cannot make informed decisions on the matters of public policy. Thus, it becomes vital to the American democracy that the news media and its institutions remain unbiasedRead More Studying the Media Rather Than Simply Consuming It Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesStudying the Media Rather Than Simply Consuming It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyday we encounter the media in some form. It could be waking up to the sound of the radio, or passing billboards in the streets or simply just watching television. They are a lot of different forms of media, for example, verbal or written media, visual media and aural media. Examples of media would include newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television, billboard advertisements as well as the internet. Media studies came about because

Strategy for Conducting Market Research

Question: Describe the Strategy for Conducting Market Research. Answer: Introduction Market research is a technique that companies adopt in order to determine market demand for particular products and services(Brace 2008). Market research can be for diagnosing a problem or to find data regarding a particular solution. The current report deals market research approach for Caterpillar new product of earth digging equipment introduction in Turkey. Turkey is a new international market for the company hence relevant market research approaches needs to be analyzed for entering with the new product. Introduction to Company : Caterpillar Caterpillar Inc. is an American based corporation established in the year 1925 by Benjamin Holt(Caterpillar Retrieved on 5 th August 2016). The company is into designing, engineering, manufacturing and developing of engines, machinery worldwide. The companys revenue as on 2015 is US$3.25 billion and employs around 114,233 employees worldwide. Market Research Approaches Market research approaches is used by managers and leaders in organizations in order to make strategic decisions regarding products and in taking informed decisions in dynamic environment with fluctuating macro variables. Market research can be of qualitative or quantitative nature that a company can adopt in its market research approach. Y McGivern in his article, The practice of market research :an introduction discussed the several qualitative techniques employed in conducting market research(McGivern 2013). The several qualitative tools discussed by him are interviews, social groups, questionnaires and so on. B.Cova and R.Elliott in their article, Everything you always wanted to know about interpretive consumer research but were afraid to ask also discussed the several qualitative techniques and their applicability(Cova 2008). H. Mc Milan and S. Schumacher in their article, Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry discussed the various quantitative approaches that are used in market research(McMillan 2014). Quantitative techniques as data collection and thereafter their analysis are discussed in the article. Introduction of Product Idea in International market Caterpillar is identified as an international brand name in engineering, manufacturing equipment and is a pioneer brand. The company on the basis of market research has identified the need of earth digging equipment in Turkey. The product has substantial market demand and can generate immense revenues for the company. However, Turkey is relatively new market hence qualitative and quantitative research was pertinent for development of the new product category. Turkey is one of the fast developing economies amongst the MINT countries and significant research has been going around the several development stimulants(Durotoye 2014). The country has a stable political and economic situation which is attracting large amount of foreign investments. The country is ideally suited to MNEs to start their operations. Figure 1: Turkey growth rate Source: (Durotoye 2014) Market Approaches Caterpillar has used relevant articles in order to develop a new product for its brand in international market of Turkey. The research included qualitative survey regarding the demand gap in the market and quantitative analysis, on basis of the market demand that could be met by the product. The quantitative market research helped in assessing the market size and growth potential. Whereas qualitative market research has been used by the company to analyze the brand strength of Caterpillar, customer segment and characteristics in Turkey. Competitors and use of digital marketing to market the products was also assessed by qualitative research. Conclusion Market research approaches offers companies with data and significant information that allows them to take important strategic decisions. Caterpillar in its new product introduction in a new international market has deployed quantitative as well as qualitative data in order to yield valuable strategic information. The market research approaches have enabled the company to develop a new product idea and decide on a new international country to enter such that it can significantly be profitable to the company. References Brace, I 2008, Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for effective market research., Kogan Page Publishers. Caterpillar Retrieved on 5 th August 2016, 'Company Brands', https://www.caterpillar.com/en/companybrands.html. Cova, B. and Elliott, R., 2008. Everything you always wanted to know about interpretive consumer research but were afraid to ask.Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,11(2), pp.121-129. Durotoye, A 2014, 'The MINT Countries as Emerging Economic Power Bloc: Prospects and Challenges.', Developing Country Studies, vol 4, no. 15, pp. 99-107. McGivern, Y 2013, The practice of market research: an introduction. , Pearson Higher Ed. McMillan, J.H. and Schumacher, S., 2014.Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Ed.

Necessary Convergence Communication free essay sample

A Theory of Dyadic Social Interaction and Meanings Michelle Miller-Day In this paper, the author proposed and describes a theory of the social construction of meaning in dyadic communicative interaction. The author argues that necessary convergence communication is a theoretical framework useful for explaining how power may influence the process of meaning construction in interpersonal communication. This essay describes the features of this theoretical framework and provides theoretical suppositions for future empirical testing. Child:Mom, look at the blue package! Mother: Its not blue, its teal. Child:It looks like blue to me. Mother: Its not though. Its got green in it too, so its teal. Later that day Friend: Oh, thats a pretty package. The blue matches your shirt. Child:Its not blue, its teal. To many of us this scene is not unusual. Children often learn from elders what any given symbol means and once children learn these meanings they incorporate them into their cognitive schemata. According to Piagets (1972, 1954) theory of cognitive development, from approximately ages 4-7 children are in an intuitive phase where they can grasp logical concepts, but reality is not yet firm and is often dictated by authority figures. The role of authority figures to shape constructions of reality certainly does not end in childhood. Social constructionists such as Berger and Luckmann (1966) argue that individuals together produce a human environment, with the totality of its socio-cultural and psychological formations and understandings; social meanings are a human product (p. 52). It is not unusual, say, for an abusive romantic partner to convince his or her partner that the abuse is deserved or symbolic of care or even love. The dyadic construction of acts of abuse as signifying love or care may not e clearly understood by others outside the relational dyad, yet perceptions of abusive behavior as acts of love are common in abusive interpersonal relationships, along with sacrificing ones own interpretation of events so as not to lose the affection of the partner (Woods, 1999). In fact, in a recent episode of the popular television show Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (Denoon Platt, 2004) a teenager was placed in foster care due to a mothers complete and utter dominance over the child, with the episode focu sing on the control the mother had over how her offspring interpreted the world around him. The psychologist in the episode did not have a name for this process of maternal domination, but compared the teenager to a puppet, merely appropriating his mothers interpretations of the world out of fear; the fear of losing her love, protection and their relational structure. Although this essay does not focus on children or abusive relationships specifically, it outlines a theory addressing the social construction of meanings in dyadic communicative interaction wherein there is disequilibrium between members in that process. Berger (2005), in his review of the interpersonal communication up until the 21st century, pointed out that very few interpersonal communication scholars have developed theories addressing this central tenet of communication meaning. His review argued that for the field to move forward interpersonal communication researchers should look more at interaction routines and the process of meaning-making between interactants. Around the same time as this review was being written, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002) published an article in Communication Theory arguing for a similar need for research examining intersubjectivity, meaning, and interactivity in the area of family communication. They argued the following: a complete explication of family communication needs to consider both intersubjectivity and interactivity (Fitzpatrick Ritchie, 1993). Intersubjectivity refers to the sharing of cognitions among participants in a communication event, whereas interactivity refers to the degree to which the symbol creation and interpretation are linked. ,Interactivity refers to the way that a family maintains its own structure through patterns of family members responses to each others communicative acts (p. 73, Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002). Correspondingly, Miller-Day (2004) also presented a Necessary Convergence Communication (NCC) theory which focused on both intersubjectivity and interactivity in family member i nteractions, while addressing issues of power and dominance involved in the process of meaning-making between communicators. At this junction, in response to these calls for theoretical development in the area of meaning construction and dyadic social interaction in the fields of interpersonal and family communication, and building on the ideas introduced by Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002), this essay will briefly review the original ideas of Miller-Days (2004) Necessary Convergence Communication (NCC) theory, elaborate on them, and then discuss how this framework might be a workable mid-range theory to assist communication scholars understand how the construct of power or dominance may influence the meaning construction process in interpersonal communication. A theory is a lens through which to examine human interaction and theories have four functionsdescription, explanation, prediction, and change (Griffin, 2000; Littlejohn Foss, 2005). The foundation of a theory is description and as Wood (2004) points out, before we can figure out how something works, we must describe it (p. 32). Therefore, the first task of building new theory is to describe its features. This essay provides a description of necessary convergence communication and identifies specific features that may be empirically tested. An Introduction to Necessary Convergence Communication Miller-Day (2004) argued that necessary convergence is a form of intersubjectivity that occurs during a pattern of interactivity when one communicator is dominant and the other submissive. When convergence of meaning occurs, meaning coordination tends to be coercive rather than cooperative with the dominant partners interpretive frame privileged over the submissive partners, leading to unequal contributions to the process of meaning coordination. Author Ayn Rand (1993) referred to this type of process in her novel The Fountainhead. Rand argued that some individuals tend to be â€Å"second-handers†Ã¢â‚¬â€people who don’t judge for themselves, who just repeat what others close to them say, embrace it, and make it their own. Miller-Days (2004) argument suggests that when the relational schema for the submissive partner is based on conditional regard—that is, she or he believes that acceptance in the relationship (e. g. , receipt of emotional resources) is contingent on meaning convergence; the submissive partner will converge with the dominant partners meanings for relational maintenance purposes. As discovered in Miller-Days family communication research (2004) and Miller (1995) and illustrated in the Law and Order episode mentioned earlier in this essay, not to converge with a dominant partners interpretation of symbols or events in any transaction would risk already precarious acceptance and approval in the relationship. An interpretive frame is defined here as cognitive structure that contains mental representations of meanings; the process of constructing meaning activates interpretive frames. Necessary infers that convergence is perceived as essential to achieving a certain result, and convergence indicates a tendency toward one point (Miller-Day, 2004). Thus, to obtain relational approval and avoid rejection, the submissive partner will accommodate the dominant partner by assimilating his or her interpretive frame. Within this model, convergence is relationally adaptive. This introduction to NCC as a theoretical framework offers an overview. But, to fully understand how this theory may be applied more generally to interpersonal relationships, I will elaborate on this theoretical framework, present the assumptions linked to it, describe its characteristics, and provide some theoretical statements for empirical testing. A-Priori Theoretical Assumptions Communication Is an Emergent, Creative Activity through Which Meanings are Coordinated Via Interpretive Schemata People approach the world through processes of interpretation. As human social animals we are in a constant state of interpreting and managing meanings, and interpreting meanings is an interdependent process. The assumption is that meanings are not inherent in objects, but instead arises out of social interaction. During social interaction, meanings are coordinated through interpretive schemata—mental structures consisting of organized knowledge about relationships. Interpretive schemata represent accumulated knowledge—the sum of past experiences—which help an individual interpret, understand, and predict the outcomes of interactions with others (Burleson, Metts, Kirch, 2000; Cragan Shields, 1998; Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002). Moreover, interpretive schemata include expectations about what should happen in a given situation and serve to guide behavior. Interpretive schemata specific to relationships—relationship schemata—influence the â€Å"encoding and decoding of information, the inferences and evaluations people make †¦ and ultimately their interpersonal behavior† in relationships (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002, p. 80). This assumption presumes that the process of â€Å"making meaning† activates interpretive frames. Communicators then coordinate their meaning systems as filtered through these frames and then negotiate agreement. Understanding between the members builds intersubjectivity and hopefully leads to consensus (Crotty, 1998; Solomon, Dillard, Anderson, 2002). Implicit in this assumption are claims of coordination and negotiation. Coordination implies a state of equal rank, equal power, and harmonious order, whereas negotiation suggests that communicators confer with one another in order to reach an agreement. Coordination involves collaboration of all communicating partners. Communication Enacts Relationships The state of being in a â€Å"relationship† is inherently a communication process and must be understood as a series of transactions in which messages are exchanged. Relationships are formed across repeated transactions, with each new transact adding new information to the one that came before, building a cumulative database of information about the relationship (Burleson et al. 2000; Duck, 1992; Guerrero, Anderson, Afifi, 2001). Transactions are units of interaction affecting both interactants and carrying commentary on the interactant’s relationship. As Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson (1967) pointed out, each message (both verbal and nonverbal) carries information at two levels—the content level and the relationship level. The relationship level enacts the current state of the relationship and provides information about how the communicators see each other, th emselves, and their relationship. Communicative Transactions in Close Personal Relationships Have Implications for Personal and Relational Identities Relational members encode and decode information about themselves as well as for their partner, extrapolating this information to the relational unit (Aron Aron, 1986). Within this framework, the self is conceptualized as inseparable from dynamic interaction, with each transaction contributing to both self- and relational knowledge. Early work by Mead (1934) identified the centrality of essage exchange in personal identity management. More recent work in relational communication points out that both personal and relational identities are cocreated communicatively within the context of relationship (Wilmot, 1995). Personal identity development is really the unfolding of the self while retaining relational ties; identities are constituted and managed through relationships, not to their exclusion (Adams Marshall, 1996). Relational Culture Shapes Interpretive/Relational S chemata Relational cultures consist of shared meaning systems, routinized patterns of interaction, and norms that structure members’ roles and behaviors (Wood, 2000). These cultural norms shape relational schemata (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002), and these schemata are socialized across the developmental trajectory of the relationship. Socialization involves the â€Å"social and communicative processes through which cultural knowledge, resources and practices are made available and internalized† by cultural members (Burleson et al. , 2000, p. 35). As Entman (1993) demonstrated, culture is the stock of commonly evoked interpretive schemata and culture might be defined as the â€Å"empirically demonstrable set of common interpretive frames exhibited in the discourse and thinking of most people in a relationship† (p. 53). Relational schemata are the mental structures that are socialized within a relational culture, organize knowledge about relationships, and are used to process information relevant to these relationships. Therefore, relational cultures will share common schemata and should be reflected in the communication practices of relational members. Interpersonal Scripts Emerge From Relational Schemata Scripts are one form of communication practice enacted within relationships that emerge from relational schemata (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002). Relational scripts direct interaction, exemplify relational work, and dictate normative ways of issuing directives and responses. Scripted interactions are often routine, habituated, and overlearned through repetitive practice in the family culture (Sillars, 1995); however, these scripts are useful in directing the â€Å"typical† ways in which an interaction should be handled given the particular relational schema. When relational members become practiced in these roles and memorize their lines, these enactments become scripted. That is, partners may not think about their day-to-day ways of interacting with each other on a conscious level, but they may still tend to communicate in patterned ways with well-defined scripts that enact â€Å"appropriate† relational behavior. These a-priori assumptions are implicit in the theoretical framework of NCC. In summary, they presuppose that relational culture shapes partners knowledge of relationships; each partners accumulated knowledge of relationships helps her or him to coordinate meanings; patterned or scripted communication behavior emerges from relationship schemata; and this communication behavior is consequential for interpersonal relationships. Characteristics of Necessary Convergence Communication Necessary convergence communication can be captured by describing its three separate characteristics, equilibrium, weighted proportion of meaningfulness, and motivation, and two process dimensions, degree and chronicity (Miller-Day, 2004). These characteristics are illustrated in Fig. 1 and can be assessed in terms of their valence and intensity in any given interpersonal relationship. [Insert Figure 1 about here] Equilibrium When necessary convergence occurs, there tends to be disequilibrium in the relational coordination of meanings. Equilibrium refers to an equality of distribution; however when disequilibrium occurs, there is unequal power to determine meanings in interpersonal interaction. Power is a person’s ability to control valuable resources and is often tied to status. Any type of power such as expert power, legitimate power, or coercive power is relevant to equilibrium as long as the person is in control of resources considered valuable. Control of resources provide the potential for the exercise of power in most relationships, with resources being all knowledge, skills, emotions, words, actions, and materials that are at the disposal of the person. Given the distribution of resources within any specific interpersonal relationship, power might be evaluated by its outcome, which is dominance. Dominance refers to the degree to which a person can influence and impose their will on the other; its counterterm, submission, refers to the degree to which a person gives up influence or yields to the wishes of the other. I think it is important to keep in mind that dominance itself is determined by the submissive response of others. Moreover, as Burgoon, Johnson, and Koch (1998) pointed out, â€Å"While power enables the display of dominance, and dominant behavior may solidify power—though correlated—dominance and power are not interchangeable concepts† (p. 10). According to Miller-Day (2004), when NCC occurs the relational member who has higher status or more power in the relationship (e. g. , parent, teacher, boss, or romantic partner) would be dominant in imposing, rather than cooperatively negotiating, meaning in the relationship. Moreover, as one person’s power to determine meanings increases, the other person’s decreases, this then leads to an unstable situation in which the importance of one partner’s interpretive frame outweighs the partner’s. Weighted Proportion of Meaningfulness The second characteristic of necessary convergence occurs when one partner submits to the unequal distribution in the power to construct meanings in interaction. Dominance requires submission. Consequently, when a lower-status partner submits, she or he affords the dominant partner’s meanings more weight—more significance—in the transaction. Developmentally, as most individuals begin to acquire personal authority they naturally become differentiated from parents and others in their life, even as they remain emotionally connected (Nadien Denmark, 1999). However, as adults form unique relational cultures, they will develop new connections with others. Some times these relationships are purely social and require accommodation of meanings for social management purposes; for example, in the classroom where a professor does not encourage critical thinking but mandates rote memorization and resists any challenge of information. In this case, students are required to accommodate the professors meanings into his or her own understanding (and repeat that on the exam! ). Anyone who has ever been in a classroom with one of these instructors may empathize with students placed in a setting where there is a low tolerance for differentiation in thinking among members. But the case of relational partners where one partner is dominant in most realms of the relationships and the other submissive, there is both a social and emotional connection between partners. In this case, the dominant partner will typically closely monitor any behaviors that signify the submissive partners movement toward differentiation (uniqueness outside the relationship), regardless if emotional ties remain undisturbed. If the less powerful partner resists the imposition of meaning and challenges her partners construction of meaning in the dyadic interaction, then necessary convergence communication has not occurred. It is the absence of resistance the convergencethat is a key feature of this kind of communication. According to NCC, the less powerful partner will be motivated to converge because he or she feels it is necessary. Motivation Motivation is a reason for action, an incentive. This theory argues that when there is a compelling reason for convergence, such as is to avoid undermining the relationship or to secure relational acceptance, there is increased motivation to converge with the higher-status partner. When acceptance in the relationship is perceived to be conditional on that convergence, then convergence is perceived as relationally adaptive and the lower-status partner is more likely to perceive convergence as necessary. Necessary convergence, then, might be viewed as a form of secondary control. According to Rosenberg (1990), â€Å"Secondary control is an attempt to accommodate to objective conditions in order to affect a more satisfying fit with those conditions† (p. 147). Although convergence tends not to be explicitly demanded, lower-status partners will perceive it as a condition for relational acceptance. Manipulation of resources in a relationship, such as support, regard, or inclusion, emerged as a significant contributor to asserting dominance in the family relationships observed by Miller-Day (2004). As a form of psychological control, higher-status family members offered and withheld these resources contingent on the convergence of the lower-status member. The manipulation of emotional resources, therefore, was used to assert psychological dominance with the provision or withdrawal of resources providing a compelling motivation for lower-status partner’s convergence. According to NCC, once convergence is perceived to be necessary, and one accommodates the dominant partners interpretive frame at the expense of ones own, two additional characteristics become important when assessing necessary convergence: degree and chronicity. Process Dimensions Degree. The relative intensity or amount of convergence in any given dyadic interaction is important to the process of NCC. The following illustration captures different degrees of convergence. Example: An adult woman and a friend are talking. The friend comments that she likes the womans new hairstyle, pulled up on her head with a hair clip. The woman comments that she likes the style too. Soon the adult womans mother walks into the room, looks at her adult daughter, and with a tone of disapproval says, What have you done to your hair? It looks awful† Under conditions of high convergence, the lower-status woman would change her hairstyle extensively as a result of her mother’s comment, converging with her mother’s interpretation that the style was indeed horrible and altering her original interpretation to â€Å"fit† more closely with her mother’s. If asked by another, she would explain that the hairstyle looked awful so she altered it. Under conditions of moderately high convergence, the lower-status woman would significantly change her hairstyle as a result of her mother’s comment, but just to please her mother or to reduce conflict. The lower-status woman would not alter her own interpretation to fit with her mother’s interpretation; she would merely accommodate the alternative interpretation. Under conditions of moderately low convergence, the lower-status woman might make minor alterations in the hairstyle to integrate both perceptions of what was attractive into one style. Finally, under conditions of low convergence, the lower-status woman might listen to her mother’s comment but keep the style anyway because she likes it. As Miller-Day (2004) comments, there are times when we all perceive that it is just easier, necessary, or politically astute to adjust our interpretations to others’ view of the world. However, when there is extensive accommodation and convergence, obliterating personal interpretative frames constitutive of self, this might negatively influence personal identity. Chronicity. Convergence may be chronic or the pattern of convergence may occur across time and contexts. When lower-status individuals experience repeated failures in negotiating meanings in transactions with a partner across time (e. . , across the life course) and contexts (e. g. , attitudes, values, behaviors), this may instill a generalized expectancy of learned helplessness and â€Å"giving in. † Miller-Days (2004) data revealed that women who chronically engaged in necessary convergence had an undefined sense of self and lower self-esteem than women who did not engage in convergence. When boundaries betwe en individuals blur in personal relationships, identities may become undefined and convergence communication becomes the modus operandi. Piagets (1972) theory of cognitive development points out that in normal development, both assimilation and accommodation processes are used simultaneously and alternately throughout life. Assimilation being the process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures and accommodation being the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. Necessary convergence communication offers an explanation for those interactions where accommodation becomes the primary means of making sense of the world. Theoretical Suppositions of Necessary Convergence Whereas theoretical assumptions are claims already supported in the research literature, suppositions are considered true or existing but not yet proved. Miller-Day (2004) provided the groundwork for this theory development and I seek to build on that by offering the following suppositions about NCC. I believe these suppositions may provide the necessary building blocks for theory development and offer future directions for empirical testing. Supposition #1 Interactants with more power (e. g. expert, legitimate, reward) in a dyadic social interaction will exert more influence in the construction of meaning than interactants with less power. Coordination of meaning involves power and control and according to this theory meanings can be hijacked. When both partners share moderate levels of power in the relationship, it would be predicted that they would enjoy the equilibrium and co-construction of meaningshared cognitions with a relativ ely high degree of match between symbol creation and interpretation. But most theories assume co-construction and equilibrium in sharing cognitions. According to NCC, we need to factor in power status of the interactants in the dyadic construction of meaning. Although studies exist that explore social stratification and power in terms of race, gender, and larger cultural hierarchies (see, e. g. , Altheide, 1995; Lyman, 1994), rarely do scholars explore interpersonal dominance and perceptions of status in their attempts to understand meaning construction. Supposition #2 Under conditions where there is disequilibrium—unequal power—in determining meanings in dyadic social interaction, both partners will afford the dominant partner’s meanings more significance. If one participant in the communication event is dominant in the dyad then it is predicted that connections between symbol and interpretations can be coerced, and the interpretations of the dominant partner are privileged in that communication event. Supposition #3 Converging with a higher-status partner’s assigned meanings will function to maintain the relational identity. The act of convergence is relationally adaptive. The act of convergence in any given interaction will serve to protect the entangled identity of the participants and function to maintain the relational status quo. Partners in dominant-submissive relationships will maintains their relational culture through this patterns of responding to each others communicative actsby one requiring convergence and the other converging. Supposition #4 Among submissive partners, necessary convergence communication will be positively related to an undifferentiated self. Relationships demonstrate varying degrees of tolerance for intimacy and autonomy through interactions. In differentiated relationships partners are provided with autonomy, while maintaining respect and intimacy. In undifferentiated relationships boundaries are regulated, with high demands for connectedness, and ultimately impeding individual identity (Skowron Schmitt, 2003; Skowron, 2005). Supposition #5 The manipulation of emotional resources by the dominant partner in relationship with an undifferentiated partner will positively predict necessary convergence communication. It is posited that a communication partner who encourages emotional and psychological dependence through the manipulation of emotional resources (e. g. , love, acceptance) will also coerce a high degree of convergence in the communicative interaction. Respectively, a communication partner who is undifferentiated and submits to the dominant partner will perceive that convergenceor a shared interpretationis necessary to maintain the relationship. Supposition #6 The more chronic and the greater the degree of convergence, the more likely the submissive partner will have a generalized expectancy of learned helplessness predicting increased risk for depression. The theory of learned helplessness (Seligman, 1975) offers a model to explain human depression in which apathy and submitting to more dominant others prevails, causing the person to fully rely on others. This can result when life experiences cause the individual to understand that their own cognitions are irrelevant. Summary This essay introduced necessary convergence communication as a theoretical framework to help explain how meanings can be hijacked by others in interpersonal relationships. Under certain conditions it is predicted that dominant members in interpersonal relationships may be able to control the coordination of meaning in the relationship, subverting the interpretations of the submissive communication partner. Outlining characteristics of NCC (equilibrium, weighted proportion of meaningfulness, and motivation), two process dimensions (degree and chronicity), and posing 6 testable suppositions about NCC, this essay argues that this mid-range theory may be useful in understanding intersubjectivity and interactivity in dyadic social interaction where one partner is dominant and the other submissive. Whether that partnership is interpersonal or relational, there are implications for this kind of communication in understanding interpersonal influence and possibly even mental health outcomes such as depression. Future Directions There are criteria by which theories are judged to be effective. According to Shaw and Costanzo (1970) and Wright (1998), the following criteria may be used for evaluating theories and future research should examine this theoretical framework to assess if it meets these criteria. First, there is explanatory power—do the suppositions of the NCC theoretical framework enable scholars to explain as much of the communication phenomenon as possible? Next, is the theoretical model parsimonious—does it contain as few suppositions as possible, is it as simple as it can be? Is NCC internally consistent, that is, do the suppositions contradict each other? Does NCC have heuristic potential; does it suggest hypotheses to be tested through additional research? Finally, does NCC promote new understanding and have societal value? This essay outlines the features of NCC and proposes suppositions for empirical testing. Future research should test these suppositions with the potential to falsify and/or delimit this theoretical framework.

How Does The American Colonialism Impact Education System in Africa?

How Does The American Colonialism Impact Education System in Africa?In this article I want to look at the aspect of how imperialism of Africa impact education system. Africa has not been a place for study, where students have been made to learn from scratch for their secondary education.At this day and age, everyone has seen or heard of the history of England, the United States and many other countries that have ever had a colonial influence. Many have heard that all of those countries did well economically and developed into great powers. All due to the millions of dollars that were pumped into educational systems by the money power of England.Since so many people know about these countries that did well because of the fact that these countries were influenced by England, they are usually forced to wonder as to what else can happen with regards to Africa. It is amazing how these same nations use racism against people who speak out against such types of practices. And these same nati ons do not seem to get the reality that everyone is supposed to be equal in a democratic society, because they believe that education is something that only the English people can do well.Yes, Africa does do well economically with its many resources. However, it was not always like this. Until the introduction of education systems that allowed people to read and write, the African people did not have much choice in their country.But times have changed and many areas of the world have been brought up because of the invention of education systems. And even in Africa, schools were created because it was needed to educate the people there. After a while people wanted to read about other civilizations were then established.If Africans were not to complain about that education system, then they would see how these kinds of places in Africa are the envy of many of the areas that they were once ruled by. Such places include China, India, Japan, and even Europe and the United States. Some sa y that this thing in Africa could be considered the greatest contribution made to the world.Indeed, education has opened up the door for many more people to benefit from natural resource in Africa. That is why the more intelligent nations in the world often send their education systems there. This is not just the educational system but also the culture and science that it reflects on a daily basis.The reality is that Africa has made great strides since the invention of education. Not only for the nations but for people around the world. Indeed, I hope you will please consider all this and think on it.

Recommendations for Weatherpruf Shoe Waxes free essay sample

Here are some recommendations for Weatherpruf Shoes Waxes which hope can help to improve the competitiveness. The potential strategy is based on 4Ps. Product: On the product side, Weatherpruf can use brand extension strategy. A brand extension extends a current name to new or modified products in new category. For example, Swatch spread from watches into telephones and Honda stretched its company name to cover different products such as its cars, motorcycles, marine engines and snowmobiles. As solid shoe waxes was already a brand product, Weatherpruf can extend to produce liquid polish. The reasons are: first, liquid shoe polishes offered a quick, clean method of improving shoe appearance and was particularly welcomed by parents as it helped to make scuffed and worn childrens shoes look respectable again. Second, the market for liquid polishes is growing at 20% per year and it is expected to rise to 30% of this market next year. We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendations for Weatherpruf Shoe Waxes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Third, entering a new product market will extend customer base. Finally, a liquid polish can be used on a wide variety of products. For instance, it can be used for the appearance of leather products beyond footwear such as chairs, sofas, briefcases, etc which may attract more customers. Weatherpruf can also increase the product diversity. For example, it can increase the colours of solid waxes not limited to blacks, light tan and dark tan in order to meet those customers who like solid waxes but dont want these 3 colours. Price: On the price side, as liquid polish will be a new product of Weatherpruf, market-penetration pricing is much suitable. Market-penetration pricing stands for setting a low price for a new product in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract large numbers of buyers quickly and win a large market share. To compete with Smart Shoe (currently command approximately 70% liquid market share), Weatherpruf should set a low price and quickly enter the liquid polish market. There are several conditions favour setting a low price. First, the market must be highly price-sensitive, so that a low price produces more market growth. Second, production and distribution costs must fall as sales volume increases. Due to the good reputation, if Weatherpruf keep on produce high quality goods and set a low price, it can easily penetrate the liquid polish market and win a large market share. Promotion: One of the reasons that Smart Shoe can achieve success was its promotion extensive advertising. Therefore Weatherpruf also need media advertising to promote its product. Media Advertising can reach masses of geographically dispersed buyers at low cost per exposure, such as TV advertising can reach huge audiences. It enables Weatherpruf to repeat a message many times, and lets the buyer receive and compare the messages of other two main competitors. By advertising buyers will know that Weatherpruf begin to sell liquid polish with a high quality and it can create customer brand awareness. Place: Products are sold only in the major grocery stores is limiting the quantity of customers and might be inconvenient for a certain amount of customers (who want to buy shoe polish but live far away from the stores). Thus, Weatherpruf can increase the place of sales. First Weatherpruf can find retailers such as Supermarket like Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda or Morrisons have loyal customers who regularly shop in their stores. Products sold through the stores gain credibility in the eyes of the customer because of where they are sold. In addition, Weatherpruf can expand sales to online. The reasons are: first, sales online can expand geographical reach weatherpruf, a local business can become nationwide or even international. Second, it can increase visibility for weatherpruf. With investment in search engine optimization and online promotion, an online shop becomes more accessible to customers searching for products. Third, it is a way to tell people about Weatherpruf. This is particularly valuable when an online store operates alongside a conventional high-street outlet, providing information about opening hours, contact details and answers to frequently asked questions. Finally, which has same effect as sales through retailers, it can increase the number of customers. Conclusion In conclusion, if Weatherpruf choose this strategy would