Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example

Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunity for different social classes. Social inequality is found within every society and is based upon many different factors. Some of these factors include people’s level of education and their level of income. Harper Lee shows social inequality is largely influenced on the amount of education received in her book To Kill A Mockingbird. One of the main characters in To Kill A Mockingbird is Jem Finch. Jem Finch defines the social hierarchy of Maycomb, Alabama into four different categories. Jem puts people like his family, the Finches, at the top of the hierarchy. The Finches are a very educated, well off, white, family. Below the Finches Jem puts the Cunninghams. The Cunninghams are a poor, semi-educated, white family. Even though the Cunninghams are in some bad situations, they are still nice people. This is why they are above the next people: the Ewells. The Ewells are the second to last on Jem’s social hierarchy scale. The Ewells are what would be consider â€Å"white trash†. They are rude, filthy, poor, uneducated people. The only reason the Cunninghams and Ewells are not on the same level is because of how rude the Ewells are. The last on Jem’s scale is the blacks. The setting of To Kill A Mockingbird took place in the 1930’s, which is why the blacks We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer are on the bottom. This also explains why the blacks were not allowed the same opportunities as everyone else was. Blacks were not given the same education opportunities as the whites. A majority of the citizens in this time period were extremely racist. As previously stated the Finches are the most financially stable and they have the most education out of everyone in the book. Their level of education is shown through the fact that Atticus, the father of Jem and Scout, is an attorney. Even in the 1930’s being an attorney was not easy to become; it required a lot of schooling. Atticus being an attorney is also why they a

Pride and Prejudice Passage Mimick

Pride and Prejudice Passage Mimick Free Online Research Papers Note from the author: This was for my European Lit. class. We were suppose to pick a passage from Pride and Prejudice and write a mock passage for it. It was 2:30 in the afternoon, and two Northwood High students, Suzan and Charlie, were spending their free 7th period outside at the lunch tables. Charlie decided that he wanted to do his European history homework because he had a test the next day. Suzan just sat next to him, staring. While Charlie was doing his homework Suzan tried to start a conversation, but failed miserably. â€Å"That is a huge book that you’re reading†¦you must be like uber smart!!† gasped Suzan. â€Å"It is what all European history students must read Suzan.† Charlie curtly replied. â€Å"You must mean like the life history, the real history. You must be the smartest in your class, because you write super neat!† Charlie, however, did not reply. He just continued doing his homework. â€Å"I like your pen too; the dice at the end of the pencil is like awesomely cute.† Charlie gave Suzan a pointed look that obviously stated he was getting rather annoyed at this situation; nevertheless, Suzan took no heed. â€Å"Look at the small birds, they’re small.† yelled Suzan, â€Å"They are small birds.† â€Å"Yes, small birds.† â€Å"You’re hand writing is neat, you know that. It’s like so neat you didn’t even have to use the lines on you’re paper! It takes such a long time to fill out a whole paper with notes and stuff! You’re so neat and smart!† â€Å"Yes, it is tedious work, but it is work that I need complete. And furthermore, I like to be well organized and prepared for all my classes, as you commented before.† stated Charlie. â€Å"WOW! It’s like you know what I’m thinking. I was thinking the exact same thing before you said anything. It’s like you’re psychic or something!† He was silent. â€Å"You know I was wondering, did you finish that essay we had in English. That really long essay. I mean, how could a teacher give out so much homework? And that math teacher, gosh! He just sat there and read his newspaper, he didn’t teach the class anything!† â€Å"We do not have the delight of being in the same English class. And besides, I would believe that your mathematics teacher gave you a warm up then a test.† â€Å"OH! It was a test! How could I forget? No wonder nobody said anything and it was so quiet, and I was wondering why everyone was like looking at me weirdly.† â€Å"It seems so.† â€Å"You know, you seem like the talkative type. And you’re such a fantastic conversationalist. We should do this often† There was a slight pause. â€Å"Perhaps† was the reply. â€Å"OH MY GOSH that is such a wonderful idea.† The bell suddenly rang, signaling the end of school and ending their â€Å"discussion†. Charlie packed up his belongings, said a civil good-bye to Suzan and walked off to his ride. Research Papers on Pride and Prejudice Passage MimickStandardized TestingThe Spring and AutumnAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

In the event of peace, and a Palestinian state being formed, Palestine Essay

In the event of peace, and a Palestinian state being formed, Palestine would suffer massive economic repercussions due to lack of competitiveness and underdevel - Essay Example The current economic scenario in Palestine is not very encouraging. In the second quarter of 2007, the GDP of Palestine grew by 6.5%. The largest increases in gross value added were registered the following sectors: education (+32.1%), hotels (+24.9%), health ( +15.2%), construction (+13.9%) and agriculture (+12.8%). There was a decline however in sectors like mining, water and electricity and manufacturing. However in Gaza, due to political problems, 95% of the factories in Gaza had closed down leading to 32000 job losses. Many of these factories were approaching a point of 'no return' where owners were likely to sell their assets and shut down completely. (The Portland trust, Nov, 2007) In the previous years, between 2005 and 2006, the GDP in Palestine fell by 8.8%. In the first quarter of 2007, the GDP fell by 4.2%. This was 13.2% lower than the GDP for the first quarter of 2006.(The Portland Trust, July 2007) Besides the negative growth of the economy, it is the composition of the GDP that remains a cause for concern. The GDP is driven by Government and private consumption from aid rather than investment or production. Public sector employment for instance has increased by 60% between 1999 and 2006. Much of the foreign aid which could e used in infrastructure building is spent on salaries of government employees. (World Bank, 2007) Fig:2 Source: (World Bank Document, 2007) Even among Palestinians, the condition of those living in Gaza is particularly bad. Despite receiving aid, the number of people in Gaza living below the poverty line has increased from 21.6% in 1998 to nearly 35% in 2006. Without aid, the figure is likely to be around 67%. (World Bank, 2007) Fig:3 Source: (World Bank Document, 2007) Given the current economic scenario, it is likely that an independent Palestine face the immense challenge of managing the repercussions of years of negative economic growth and political instability. In the context of Palestine, the concept of 'peace' is crucial to the economy. According to a World Bank report, in 1968, an average Israeli was approximately 10 times richer than the average Palestinian. Today the situation is far worse. The GDP of Israel is almost 20 times that of Palestine and over 2/3rds of Palestinians live below the poverty line. (2007). This disparity in income level and lifestyle is a cause for concern. As Moshe Alamaro, a research scientist at the University of Massachusetts points out there can be no lasting peace if a destitute third world nation stress across the border to find a prosperous modern democracy. Alamaro compares the relationship between Japan and North Korea to that between in Israel and Palestine and says that Japan helped fuel economic growth in South Korea and thereby avoid any friction between the two states. Similarly, he believes that the west along with Israel needs to fuel economic growth in Palestine and thereby establish a mutually beneficial socio-economic relationship.(Alamaro, 2002) From the Palestinian perspective however, it is important to break free from the dependence on Israel. The Palestine National authority has charted a framework for Economic development. The framework suggests that dependence on Israel can be reduced by diversifying the export markets and

New diagnostic tool or intervention for the treatment of diabetes in Essay

New diagnostic tool or intervention for the treatment of diabetes in adults - Essay Example Additionally, the diet was thought to be good for use in the prevention of the cardiovascular disease, which provides an added bonus to those suffering from type II diabetes, who are contra-indicated for this risk. Summary The study itself is a comparison between two Mediterranean diets and a low-fat diet. Healthy individuals who were thought to be at risk of developing type II diabetes were given advice on how to follow one of the three diets, but were given no indications towards following any kind of physical exercise regime. The trial was non-randomized and consisted of 418 individuals aged between 55 and 80 years, and thus any benefits seen should only be used in practice for those of this age range, although benefits could be seen in those of a younger age bracket. The patients were then asked to attend a follow-up; a median time of 4.0 years after the original dietary advice was given. After this time, the incidence of type II diabetes was at 10.1% within the group whose Medit erranean diet was supplemented with olive oil, 11.0% in those whose diet was supplemented with nuts, and 17.9% in the traditional low-fat diet category. Whilst this may seem high in contrast to the normal prevalence of type II diabetes in the U.S. population (currently standing at 8.3% of the population), it must be noted that within the same age bracket the prevalence is 26.9% (American Diabetes Association, 2011). This suggests that there may be a huge impact on diabetes prevalence in the older population when following such a diet. Interestingly, although type II diabetes is associated with higher weight individuals (Hensrud, 2012), the Mediterranean diets were found to be beneficial in the absence of any change in weight or body mass. Discussion This new intervention could be extremely useful within medical practice. It suggests that in the absence of any formal intervention, there are options for those suffering from type II diabetes. The patients within the trial were not clos ely monitored, which suggests that closely following the diet is not necessary to see benefits. This would be a low-cost option for those who cannot follow expensive diet plans or those who do not have access to high-cost medicines. To integrate this principle into practice would also be extremely easy. A clinician could simply inform the patient of how the Mediterranean diet works, and the type of meal plan that might be involved. This would be associated with advice on the types of benefits that the patient is likely to see, and how substantially that this diet plan could lower the patient’s risk of developing diabetes. The patient could also be given a leaflet of advice on how to manage this new diet plan and how this would fit into a new life. However, it must be noted that the age range of the subjects in the study was between 55 and 80 years and therefore, this advice may not be beneficial to those of a younger age. This means that the advice should be carefully integra ted into practice to be given only to these individuals, as evidence has not shown benefits for those in younger age groups. Additionally, as with any new diet plan, the patient should be carefully examined to see if the plan is suitable (Moynihan et al., 2009). Explanation These findings could have a big impact on

Gang Violence and Juvenile Delinquency Research Paper

Gang Violence and Juvenile Delinquency - Research Paper Example According to the Finley (2007), cultural and social landscape has varied significantly since the establishment of the juvenile system in the early 1990s. In essence, gangs, drugs and easy accessibility to deadly weapons have contributed majorly to the increasing number of juvenile crimes including murder which currently has reached an alarming rate. They further claim that juvenile court system has insufficient resources to handle amicably the problems brought by amoral teenagers and children in the society. Rosenheim (2002) explains that the perceived clemency associated with the juvenile justice system as prescribed by the juvenile laws insinuate that it is not within the context of law for the juvenile court judge to warrant any form of punishment for the young criminal but to issue rehabilitation assistance to the juvenile. This has highly contributed to the juvenile system lack of capacity of correcting the amoral behavior fostered by the young but violent children. The system b ased on the current situation juvenile law stimulates a rotating-door course that leads the message that juvenile criminals are not held responsible for their wrong doings and not until these offenders are subjected to adults criminal courts that when they experience punishment for the first time in their lives. Based on my analysis, the law should be revised to allow for the punishing of the juveniles criminals in the first instance as this would prevent future amoral activities when the juvenile offender shall have grown into adult. In addition, accordance with the juvenile law, it is prohibited to release the juvenile criminal perpetrators from the authority of the juvenile court at an age above eighteen years. Serving less years in juvenile jail for an offense which would have earned an adult ten or more years sentence is unjust. For effective operation and success of this system, punishment for the misconduct should be the same irrespective of the age of the offender (Whitehead and Steven, 2006). Owing to these inadequacies and problems associated with juvenile laws, many critics have proposed for its complete overhaul or amendment of some of its laws, failure of which the crime rate among the young perpetrators would continue to escalate in the society. According to Scott and Steinberg (2008) some of these mitigation measures are juveniles should have complete DUEPROCESS rights such as right to trial by jury in the same way adult criminals are tried, freedom from the rehabilitation ideology associated with the juvenile system, allowing the juvenile to be tried to court once the young perpetrators are convicted and letting the juveniles to be accountable for their amoral actions. Theories of Delinquency Causation According to Banduras social theory, people acquire knowledge via observing others’ attitudes, behavior and results of those behaviors. Based on this theory, majority of human conduct is learned through observation and modeling. This infer s that through observing how others conduct themselves, one comes up with the idea of how newly acquired behaviors are carried out and eventually this explicit information works as a blueprint

Literature Review Of Companies And Supermarkets

Literature Review Of Companies And Supermarkets As companies/supermarkets have race to introduced technology that enables the customers to get service on their own (Bitner, M. Amy, L. Ostrom and Matthew, L. 2002). Growing number of customers interacted with the technology to create service outcomes instead with a service firm employee (Matthew, L. Amy, L. Ostrom, Robert, I. And Bitner, M. July 2000). The overall affect model is based on the consumers feelings toward the use of technology (Pratibha A. and Dabholkar 1996). The Supermarkets which introduce self-service checkout systems wish to gain rapid acceptance and usage of these technologies by potential consumers. (Jungki, L. and Allaway, A. 2002) According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary (2008), Innovation is a new idea, method or device, or the introduction of something new.Drejer (2002) argues that innovation is more than just invention, that idea cannot be innovative as a pure, it must be put in practice and be commercialized; otherwise it is too earlier to speak of innovation. Blackmon (1996) provide us with the best summary for a context of this research: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ technological change is used to describe changes in knowledge that increase the volume of output or allow a qualitatively superior output from a given amount of resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thus in driving organizational evolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The sales profit is a simple conceptual framework chain to linking with the employee satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction and financial performance. This sales profit chain is the relationships between employee and customer satisfaction (Gary, W. and Loveman, 1998). The benefit of the customer retention and satisfaction has been characterized by using the repurchase intention or a factor score of quite a few measures repurchase goal, and price tolerance. So that the purpose to use the customers management strategy that is the based on managing both satisfaction and benefit of customer retention (Narayandas, D. 1998). Performance expectation and the actual performance have major significance in the Evaluation process, as we need to determine the dimension of product and service performance. Most customers do not switch from satisfied seller to their competitors, but, there are several factors that could affect customer behaviour to switch to different service provider such as mistake in core service failure, service encounter failures, variable prices, inconvenience, responsive to service failures, attraction by competitors, ethical behaviours and involuntary switching etc. (Hawkins, Best and Coney, 2004). Retailers need to analyze what makes a new product from the point of view by the customer if customers facing problems understanding the reason behind the introduction of new self-service checkout systems (SSC) they will not use the system. As we launch new self-service systems, we need to analyse the consumer behaviour as well. The consumer should be involved in some way or another at most stages in the introduction of self-service checkout system. Every retail or sales companies should take care of customer wants and needs (Wright, R. 2006). Consumers feel a sense of pleasure in understanding that they have found a unique store that they can, and do, frequent. This suggestion is suggested on the notion of value as a function of both worth (Oliver, 1999) and scarcity. People feel good when they find something of worth that is not easily available the feel good feeling from the ordinary and the mundane, is different from satisfaction in that it consists qualitative effects such as enjoyment and happiness. In contract, satisfaction is an evaluative judgment (Oliver, 1997) and more cognitive in nature (Howard and Sheth, 1969). Satisfaction can be defined as a cognitive evaluation resulting from the fulfilment expectations. Satisfaction is a judgment based on either a cognitive or emotional appraisal, made by the customer whether his or her expectations were met (Oliver, 1997). Positive affect is a pleasurable emotional response (Bogozzi, Gopinath, and Nyer, 1999). If organizations want to consider total customer experience, satisfaction by itself is a weak measurement (Barlow and Maul, 2000) As a result, when a consumer experiences more differentiation value in the store, consumer will be more likely to feel more positive responses toward the store (Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982) The literature in retailing and customer behaviour has identified commitment as ones motivation to keep a relationship with the retailer (Bendapudi and Berry, 1997 and Fournier, 1998).The self-service checkout system (SSC) into the service come across necessitates research to improved understand customers attitudes toward overhaul providers and technologies, and their intentions to employ technology-based facility delivery systems. In this research, the authors build up and experiment three structural models that include a pecking instruct of consumer attitudes toward together the psychological and the technological factors of the come across to better appreciate their intentions to utilize Self Service Technologies. The result indicates that intentions to exercise self-service technologies options are ambitious by manifold, hierarchical attitudes. In calculation to the direct belongings of attitudes toward exact self-service technologies and individual employees, the findings corrob orate that higher direct worldwide attitudes toward service technologies pressure intentions to use self-service technologies. fascinatingly, the findings indicate that heavy self-service technologies users rely more on attitudes toward specific self-service technologies than do light self-service technologies users, who rely more heavily on universal attitudes toward self-service technologies when formative intention to utilize an self-service technologies. (James, M. Matthew, L. Meuter and Carol, F. 2003) Kano Model Analysis: The customer satisfaction model from professor Kano is a marketing and quality management approach that can be used for assessing and establishing customer satisfaction and happiness. Kano model has six categories of customer quality characteristics, but, only the first three specially relate to customer satisfaction. (Kano, 2007) These factors are: Basic factors Excitement factors Performance factors Basic factors The prerequisite factors that will cause dissatisfaction if they are not met, but, do not establish customer satisfaction. If they are fulfilled or cross expectations customer regard this as essential and basic factors contribute to market entrance threshold Excitement factors These requirements if they are met can increase customer level satisfaction, but, if they do not meet the requirements, do not cause customer dissatisfaction. These factors come to customers as surprise and create satisfaction. A company can come out from crowd from competitors in a positive way using these factors. Performance factors These factors are concerned with the performance level. So, we can conclude that customer satisfaction is directly related to the performance level, if the performance level is high, then, customer satisfaction will be met, but, if the performance level is low, cause dissatisfaction. These factors are directly related to customer desires, wants and needs etc. So, company should try to be competitive in a market. (Adapted from Prof. Kano, 1994) Customer point of view in relation to Self Service Checkout System (SSC) Researcher forecasting about the adaptation of the self service checkout system have been gone against the past recommendation, instead, customers are using this technology more and embrace this technology with open arms. Reasons for Supermarket to adopt this technology: Customers do prefer to use their bank cards in privacy and anonymity. Queue awaiting time reduction; Need for self-service; Quick payment; Shoppers feel empowered; Retail market is shifting towards radio frequency identification which will replace the bar code. However this might be a foundation for increasing working hours, as supermarkets not depending on a cashier. Due it is not many research have been done in the UK the USA practise might be relevant for this research and will be in future referred as a compare base. Theoretical Framework Porters competitive advantage theory is a classical and one of the foundational in business literature, however lately it was criticized by some authors (Day and Wensley, 1988 and Hunt and Morgan, 1995). Therefore some complementary concepts have been suggested. In order to reinforce research the Porters value-chain theory was complemented with the more current Value-Network model of Stabell and Fjeldstad (Stabell and Fjeldstad, 1998). Value-chain theory and the value network model are presenting the different activities of a company where value can be configured and added through SSC systems. This model allows the researchers to investigate the different activities of companies on which the implementation of technology-based self-service as an innovation can have an effect. Theoretical Framework Implication In order to fully understand the impact of introducing SSC in ASDA supermarkets it is necessary to look into: role and importance of innovation in a business context, product life cycle connected to SSC; competitive advantage theory and complementary concepts, value chain theory, and finally the importance of customer relationship management in the new self-service economy. Innovation Before we are going to analyze stage it is important to understand what innovation in business context is. The full understanding can be obtained through definition of the term. According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary (2008), Innovation is a new idea, method or device, or the introduction of something new. Drejer (2002) argues that innovation is more than just invention, that idea cannot be innovative as a pure, it must be put in practice and be commercialized; otherwise it is too earlier to speak of innovation. Blackmon (1996) provide us with the best summary for a context of this research: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ technological change is used to describe changes in knowledge that increase the volume of output or allow a qualitatively superior output from a given amount of resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thus in driving organizational evolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In the following relation, the innovation in a business context is a product, device, service, programme, service provider, or methods of services delivery that are new, unusual, or in other ways different from those previously used and positively reflects in overall output of the organization in form of added value directly to the organization or its customers. In the case of this research, innovation in form of SSC brings changes into service delivery. In order to understand the impact of the innovation it is necessary to understand to which area of service delivery it related. Dabholkar (2003) made a classification of technology in service delivery with three dimensions. By whom the service is delivered and who operates the technology. Where the service is delivered (at the shop or in customers home); and how the service is delivered. Depending on which category the service belongs to different factors will affect the customers evaluation of the service quality. This classification can be useful in guiding companies in the development of their marketing strategies when implementing SSC systems. Table At service site At customers place Direct contact Customer goes to service site and performs service using technology at service site. E.g. ATM, self-service at retail checkouts. Customer uses technology from home/office to perform service. E.g. internet shopping. Indirect contact Customer goes to service site and uses automated telephone system to perform service. E.g. automated wake-up calls at Hotels. Customer calls automated telephone service from home/office to perform service. E.g. automated ticket-ordering over telephone. Source: Dabholkar, 1994 in Anselmsson, 2001, page 13. Shadowed cell is the relevant technology for this research. Using this type of SSC, the customer goes to the service site and performs the service by using the technology provided at the service site. This implies a greater importance and wider range of quality issues in the interactive marketing function of the organisation. Product/service life Cycle In a business context everything is going through different level, stages of performance. It is similar to the any life development. From the cell of life to the maturity and death, the products are repeating same way from idea to implementation and ultimately death. Particularly in our case the service as well as product must be planned and introduce to employees, customers and eventually be accepted by them. It is crucial for the managers to adjust and control its performance while it goes through different stages. The effect respectively will be also different on different stages. Therefore, considering the life cycle of SSC systems is important when investigating the effects on company competitiveness. Figure: Source Cordiant Technologies Limited The product life cycle tend to go through the five stages of products: Service/product development; Market introduction; Growth stage; Mature stage; Stage of decline. Each stage is different in effectiveness of the product, expenses, revenue, etc. The first stage usually money intensive as there is no sales revenue and all expenses are covered by different organizations activities, in our case no effectiveness gain from reducing cost of operation. Stage two is quite expensive in our case as technological cost is very high. The purchase of the machineries and shops infrastructure adjustments to accommodate it are required. Moreover the staff and customers trainings and special promotions materials must be prepared. The third stage is continuous use of SSC by customers and therefore operational cost reduction becomes positive revenue, which might cover the marketing expenses. The fourth stage is characterised by very low costs of operation as number of customers who is using it increased. The final stage might come as soon as more efficient and productive technology will arrive and current become outdated. (Day, 1981) The progression of a product through these stages is not certain however. Some products may stay in the mature stage forever, for example commodities such as milk, others might not even rich stage of maturity. These products go through their life cycle as marketers marketing mix strategies change. For example, advertising is informative stage of the introduction, maturity stages, winning in the growth and in the decline stage reminder-oriented. In the early stages the promotional budget tends to be highest, and as the product gradually taper off matures and decline. Product characteristics, pricing, distribution also tend to change. (Day, 1981) The concept of product life cycle, applied to Self Service Checkout System (SSC) innovations, has also been introduced as an important concept that also contributes to affecting competitiveness. The Value-Chain Porters value chain framework today still is the accepted language for representing and analyzing the logic of firm-level value creation, and is also a framework for analyzing firm-level competitive strengths and weaknesses. In value chain analysis competitive advantage is understood by these discrete activities of the value creation process that contribute to the firms relation cost place and produce a basis for segregation. These activities are the building blocks from which a product or process is created that is valuable to the firms customers. The different activities have different economics and thus contribute differently to the valuable characteristics of the product or process. The value creating activities in Porters model are divided in two levels. Primary activities consist of directly interact to create and bring value to the customer, while support activities facilitate and develop the performance of the primary activities. Figure: Source: (Porter, 1985, 1990) The primary activity level consists of five actions: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, promotion and sales and service. The maintain actions are procurement, technology growth, human supply management, and firm infrastructure. It is important to note that the different activity categories are not the same as organizational functions. Using the value chain for analysis, costs and assets are assigned to the value activities as a first step, and are further analyzed as structural drivers related to the scale and scope of the firm, linkages across activities, and environmental factors. Cost and value drivers are usually analyzed separately. Moreover, drivers are partly related to internal relationships, partly to external factors, and partly to relationships between internal and external factors as well. The main drivers of value are policy decisions made by product and segment choices when the firm is established or repositioned. (Stabell and Fjeldstad, 1998) According to Porter, the value-creating logic of his value chain with its generic activity categories is valid for firms in all industries. However, he further states that the specific activities that are vital to a firms competitive advantage depend on which industry the firm operates. (Porter, 1985, 1990) Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) however have investigated the application of the value chain model to a variety of industries and have experienced problems in applying the value chain frame work to more than two-dozen firms. They have found that the value chain is suitable for describing and understanding the value creation logic of manufacturing firms, but that it proves problematic when analyzing activities in service industry firms. They argue that problems arise from difficulty to assign and analyze activities in terms of the five generic primary value chain categories proposed by Porter, leading to unclear explanations of value creation. Therefore, Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) suggest that the value chain can be considered as one of three generic value configurations to facilitate the understanding and analysis of firm-level value-creation logic for a broad range of industries and firms. The additional two value models besides the value-chain are the value network and the value shop. The importance shop model applies to firms where price is created by mobilizing income and performance to resolve an exacting customer difficulty, for example professional service firms dealing with medicine, law, architecture and engineering. The value network model refers to firms that generate cost by facilitating an organization relationship among their customers using a mediator technology. Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) also propose alternative presentation formats for both models that represent their unique value creation logic. For the purpose of this research both Porters value chain and Stabell and Fjeldstads value network is of importance. Although Stabell and Fjeldstad state that according to their findings the value chain is mostly useful for manufacturing firms, for our investigation of supermarkets traditional operations, the value chain is most fitting, with one small alteration. However, in also considering the introduction of a new type of service offering through technology-based self-service checkouts, it is found necessary to complement the value chain model with the value network model in order to be able to capture the value adding activities of SSC. The combination of the different value-creating logics, as suggested for this research, has also been proposed by Norman and Ramirez (1993). Since the main purpose of the research is to investigate the effects of SSC in supermarkets, the value network is of central importance, which is discussed in further detail below. The Value Network Value networks use a mediating technology to link clients and customers who wish to be interdependent. According to Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998), the firm provides a networking service through the mediating technology and thus facilitates exchange relationships among customers distributed in space and time. For the consideration of SSC, the value network idea is modified to mean that the firm is the network itself, linking its customers not to each other but to the firm itself, facilitating a more interdependent exchange relationship between the firm and its customers. Customer Satisfaction To measure the customer satisfaction of how your organisation`s `total product` performs in relation to a set of customer requirements. (Gower, 1999) If you like to measure the customer satisfaction of the customers and you need direction exactly what you are measuring. Understanding the concept of customer satisfaction is very easy and can be done by assuming yourself as a customer in a supermarket. Satisfaction is simple. If you get what you wanted and your requirements are met, you are satisfied. The starting point of a customer satisfaction management is to set the objectives. There are different customer satisfaction objectives that can be set. Customers` requirements (important ratings) Customer satisfaction (Satisfaction ratings) Comparison with other organizations PFIs (priorities for improvement) Customer satisfaction index A track able measure of satisfaction The internal perspective Firstly, you should identify customers` requirements and there are many things customers want and need but we need to identify most relative of customer requirements. Secondly, you must measure customer satisfaction. Organisational performance is directly related to customer satisfaction and list of customers` requirements. Thirdly, if you could go a bit further to analyse the customers` requirements as compared to other same organisations. (In our example `supermarket`) This will give you the opportunity to get the benchmarking. By using benchmarking, you could analyse the requirements of your supermarket customers` as satisfied or not satisfied. Fourthly, after getting the customers` satisfaction measures, you can use these measures to produce some survey outcomes and the first of that step is to identify the PFIs (Priorities for improvement) Fifth, you will need to measure the overall customers` satisfaction. We call it a satisfaction index and it will indicate us to monitor progress from the one year to the next for the overall customers` satisfaction. Finally, customers` satisfaction survey has to be done inside the supermarket to know about the understanding of employees about their customers` requirements. It will help any supermarket to indentify that if their employees know about their customers` requirements and can indentify gaps. An internal survey can also be used to help the management to make the decision making process and strategic management. (Gower, 1999) Achieving Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is measured frequently. Sampling is extensive. Surveys are quantitative as well as qualitative. The measures are taken very seriously. They are reviewed unfailingly by Top management: the development of such measures is taken very seriously as the development of budgetary measures or product reliability measures. Evaluation of people in all functions at all levels is significantly affected by the satisfaction measures. (Tom Peter, a Passion for Excellence) Customer delight seems very credible people say things like: In today`s competitive markets customer satisfaction is no longer enough; you have to delight the customers, give them something they did not expect to keep their business. In customer satisfaction, the link between customer loyalty, customer retention and profitability can make get better customer satisfaction. It has been shown that customer retention can boost profit of the supermarket as it is very easy to keep the existing customers than getting new customers. After getting the trend data and established the satisfaction- loyalty ratio in your market for your organisation, you make some models. Some companies now have `business performance models` based on their customer satisfaction management survey results that have quantified the exact links between customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, sales and profit. They know that how much one percent improvement in customer satisfaction will improve loyalty how much that contributes to profits. Precisely, this is a very powerful forecasting tool. Customer satisfaction Business success Employee satisfaction Customer Retention Figure: (Ch. BABAR 2010) Customer Satisfaction and the Performance: Customer satisfaction can be defined as more loyal customer and it involves emotional and complicated process. Every customer has certain level of product or service expectation and desire. If customer expectation level increased as a result of using that product or service, then, customer experiences satisfaction. (Simon Homburg 1998, Page 44) However, Satisfaction has also recently been described as the emotional reaction to this cognitively defined process of comparison. (Homburg and Rudolph 1995, page 31) In this context, customer experiences that the outcome of the process of comparison will not always give the correct result about the expected satisfaction outcome and actual level of satisfaction outcome. Instead, direct effect of these outcomes or satisfaction levels also interacts with satisfaction. (Bolton et al. 1991 page 376) The customer satisfaction has been in research for long time, mostly research and investigation has been done on the customer satisfaction, but, not on the customer retention. It is the experience and attitude of the employee in closest contact with customers that customers are satisfied, loyal and customer retention has been achieved. The Satisfaction is an a overall attitude of customer towards the service provider (Levesque and McDougall, 1996) The companies are more successful, later research has showed if they adopt customer retention rather than customer satisfaction. (Knox, 1998) Customer satisfaction brings many benefits. Satisfied customers are fewer prices sensitive; they purchase more items, not go to competitors and stay longer. (Zineldin, 2000) Customer satisfaction is directly related with the customer complaint process management. If customer complains more, then, it increases more customer satisfaction. Customer complains about the product or service he/she receives, then, supermarket can achieve more customer satisfaction (Johnston, 2001) The product innovations, staff service, price, convenience and business profile are all determinants of customer satisfaction. (Athanassopoulos, 2000) Later, Bejou et al. (1998) propose that customer satisfaction can be enhanced through relationships, provided they are developed and managed to the customer`s satisfaction Customer retention is not directly related with the customer satisfaction. Sometime customer do not change service provider because of the alternative circumstances, but, customer satisfaction level remain the same. Sometime customers do not have any choice to change their service provider, so, they stick with their existing provider. Hallowell (1996) argues that customer satisfaction cannot produce life time customer loyalty even though customer satisfaction has been increased, but, retention can be related with customer satisfaction. Retention can be understandable as to do business or exchange a commitment to continue with a particular company on an ongoing basis. (Zineldin, 2000) Retaining old customers are easy and cheap to keep as compared to the new customers because they are more loyal and less price sensitive. They keep their loyalty to their existing service provider and do not change their loyalty to the new service provider. It increases customer retention, satisfaction, lower price sensitivity, higher market share, higher productivity and higher efficiencies. (Reichheld, 1995) The authors suggest that in order to retain customers, companies should always change and developing their product and services to meet the ever changing needs of customers. The concept of acquiring, developing and retaining customers from a cognitive and affective perspective, they provide examples of how cognitive and affects are used to increase retention. (Desai and Mahajan, 1998) Customer satisfaction is a direct determining factor in customer loyalty, which, in turn, is a main presentation of customer retention. (Gerpott et al., 2001) Customer satisfaction can be achieved by customer retention. Customer complaint process can increase the level of customer satisfaction that result in customer retention. Employee perspective is also very important with relation of the customers. Individual relationship with the customer can boost the level of customer satisfaction. It is direct related with the mental theories of customer and employee perspectives. Managers should be aware of customer wants and needs as well as employee mental perspective. Different employees keep different level of relationship with the customers that could affect the customer satisfaction and retention level. Therefore, Managers must keep eye into employee/customer relationship and set realistic goals to achieve. (Spreng et al, 1995) Good section Customer Retention Customer retention is directly linked with the customer satisfaction. The framework guide managers to decide which part of customer satisfaction has more collision, which part of customer satisfaction needs to be improve and make strategies to retain existing customers. An individual level model of loyalty and customer retention has been developed, that can be used to predict effects of service level improvement at supermarket. Customer satisfaction has been changed recently from transactional marketing to relationship marketing. (Grà ¶nroos, Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1994) To all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) Customer satisfaction has been treated as essential instrument for the customer retention, has gained significant importance in relational marketing approaches. (Rust and Zahorik, 1993) Kotler sums this up when he states: The key to customer retention is customer satisfaction (Ko

Radical Issues in the Colonies :: essays research papers

During the colonial period of America, many colonists struggled with the laws imposed upon them by England. The struggle grew over the years until many Americans had developed a revolutionary attitude toward their mother country. This attitude not only led the colonists into the American Revolution which freed them from the rule of England, but also influenced the ways in which the various colonies chose to govern themselves. The experience of colonial rule caused the new Americans to denounce certain aspects of government which had been a part of their colonial society and, in fact, seemed somewhat radical at the time. However, the most revolutionary act they seem to have accomplished was the war for independence itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which served as a basis for many Bills of Rights in state constitutions, laid out basic rights of men as the foundation of their new government. The idea that â€Å"all men are by nature equally free and independent† is then qualified in the document itself by the phrase â€Å"when they enter into a state of society.† The phrase regarding society is intended to exclude slaves from the â€Å"free and independent† status given to all other men. John Ross expanded on this theme at a New York state convention where he stated that blacks are â€Å"seldom, if ever, required to share in the common burthens or defence of the state† and are â€Å"incapable†¦of exercising that privilege with any sort of discretion, prudence, or independence.† Colonel Samuel Young, speaking at the same convention where Ross stated his views, felt that blacks would â€Å"sell their votes to the highest bidder.† The views seem oddly the same, though blacks were no longer slaves in New York at that time. The Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1980 started the abolition slavery by laying out the conditions under which slaves and people born into slavery would eventually be free. Basically, it limited the time a person could be held as a slave and granted other rights to â€Å"Negroes and Mulattoes.† In particular, the Act stated that the crimes of Negroes and Mulattoes would be judged and punished the same as crimes of the â€Å"other inhabitants of this state,† but did denote that a slave could not testify against a freeman. This limitation perpetuated the idea that slaves and black people were not on equal footing with white men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s world, the remnants of a time when blacks were viewed as inferior to whites can still be seen, yet it is difficult to imagine that the statements made in documents which were designed to declare the rights of people in America are so boldly prejudiced.

What led to the American Revolution?

After the French and Indian War, which was a brutal battle against the British colonies and New France, Britain had an enormous debt to pay off. The British Empire looked to he colonies to help pay off the money, but colonists were not at all compliant with this. Nevertheless, Britain went ahead with their plans and enforced several acts that not only restricted the colonists In Issues pertaining to their economy. But also created much dissatisfaction with life in the colonies.The constant shifts in British policies regarding economic policies and trade designed to benefit the British Empire, especially the Stamp Act, Townsend Act, and Tea Act, caused much discontent amongst colonists, thus sparking a sense of rebellion that led to the orientation of unified, organized groups and ultimately the American Revolution. The Stamp Act, enforced In 1765, spurred a rebellion that later helped to create the Stamp Act Congress. The Stamp Act virtually taxed the colonists on nearly every piece of printed paper, such as newspapers and legal documents.Though the outraged colonists saw it as unjust, the British thought their enforcement was justified. As Thomas Whitely, advisor of the man who wrote the initial Stamp Act, said in â€Å"Considerations†¦ † † , , [the British] are not yet recovered from a War undertaken solely for [the Americans'] Protection†¦ Hey should contribute to the Preservation of the Advantages they have received†. According to this, the Brothels thought their primary reason for being so In debt was due to the wars they had been fighting In America towards the colonists' favor.Whitely believed that colonists should also partake in contributing towards paying off the debt. The Stamp Act became the first blatant attempt of the British to use the colonists and their growing economy to benefit the Empire. Because this act's intentions were so obvious, the colonists had extremely opposing reaction. Colonists also began boycotting stamps and goods to bell against the act. They also formed the Stamp Act Congress to devise a unified protest against the taxation.According to Patrick Henry, â€Å"the Taxation of the People by themselves, or by Person chosen by themselves to represent them, who can only know what Taxes the People are to bear†¦ Is the only Security against a burdensome Taxation, and the distinguishing Characteristics of British Freedom†. This quote from Henry portrayed the colonists' perspective on the phrase â€Å"No Taxation Without Representation† and that colonists would only find taxation fair If they were allowed o discuss their own pollens to Parliament that would actually be taken Into consideration.Overall, the Stamp Act caused discontent amongst colonists while also causing more rebellious behavior to arise. The Townsend Acts were another series of policies that greatly angered colonists, especially merchants, in that through these acts, the colonists realized the immen se and unjust control the British had over them. These acts focused particularly on following were all practical necessities at that time. Though these acts went against mercantilism in that they were bound to discourage British manufacturers and encourage manufacturers from the colonies, the creator of this taxation demanded to have this enforced no matter what.The Townsend Acts also shut down the New York assembly, who had been providing part of the money needed to house British troops when the Quartering Act was imposed. The act shut down the assembly until the full amount lost from the Boston Tea Party was appropriated. In response to this, John Dickinson, who had served in the Stamp Act Congress, stated â€Å"There is another late act of parliament which appears to me to be unconstitutional, and†¦ Destructive to the bibber of theses colonies†¦ The Townsend Acts claim the authority to impose duties on theses colonies, not for the regulation of trade†¦ UT for the single purpose of levying money upon us†. This depicts the true perspective of colonists. These acts were not enforced for the purpose of Just gaining more authority over colonists and their trade, but also exhibited the immense power the British held over the colonists. Britain taking away the assembly was what hit colonists the hardest. Though the portion with taxation on goods mostly impacted merchants, the rest were still greatly angered by how the British shut down the assembly.They began to ponder on the possibilities of Britain taking away the rights of having any assemblies since they had disassembled New Work's. This caused much uproar in the colonies, who did not want their only ties to somewhat of a government taken away by the British yet again. The imposition of the Tea Act in 1773 especially riled up colonists, even women, which proved even more that the acts were truly intolerable in that women were not very active in the rebellion up until then. At the time, th e East India Company was trundling to survive.This act helped the company and gave it the right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying any regular taxes that were imposed on colonial merchants. To the colonists, it was Just another scheme from Britain to solve their issues by using the colonies towards their benefit. They opposed this act because it affected the already-standing taxation on colonists. Also, not only was the money from the act put towards helping a British company, it went towards the fund to pay of Britain's war debt from the French and Indian War. In response, he colonists boycotted British tea.In a tea party that occurred in Denton, North Carolina, the women who participated stated they were â€Å"determined to give memorable proof of their patriotism†¦ And could not be indifferent on any occasion that appears nearly to affect the peace and happiness of [their] country'. They would do anything if it meant that they were able to be free from the harsh acts from Britain. In addition, this statement was given by women who were, at the time, supposed to stay in their homes and complete housework activities such as cooking, sewing, and cleaning.This resisting behavior was unfitting to the standards of women and the act obviously discontented colonists so much that women felt the need to become involved in the political affairs. All in all, the Stamp Act, Townsend Act, and Tea Act, as well as many of the other acts, caused colonists to become discontent with life under the rule of the British. For a long time, they had been dissatisfied, but these impositions brought about a rebellious attitude that spurred colonists to resist their new common enemy: the United States evolved greatly that ultimately transformed it into how it is today.

Mexican War of Independence essays

Mexican War of Independence essays The Mexican War of Independence was certainly a unique one compared to the other Latin American Wars of Independence. After the American and the French Revolution, Mexico could not stay behind on being controlled by the Spanish. This struggle for liberty was caused by three internal factors; the social oppression before the War of Independence, events such as the Grito de Dolores, and the Plan of Iguala. The social oppression sparked the people into consideration for a reform in the area, Grito de Dolores becoming the act that demonstrated the people ¡Ã‚ ¯s thoughts about the situation, and the Plan of Iguala becoming the statement that showed what the  ¡Ã‚ °Mexicans ¡ wanted. These three factors become crucial for the development of the Wars of Independence which becomes a key period for the history of Mexico. The people in Mexico were furious about the oppression they were experiencing in the nation. Privileges were given to the high class, especially the Peninsulares; the Spanish born people, so the people who were in the middle and lower class felt unfairness. This sensation of inequality was commonly among the Criollos the people Spanish people born in the colonies, where they were not given the same privileges as the Peninsulares. Their main concern was how the Peninsulares were the people who were governing the colonies; the Criollos wanted to take control over the colonies by themselves. Since the Bourbon Reforms taking effect in Europe, the Spanish colonies became unsettled; where the Spanish born were trying to tax the colonists in order to restore the economic stability. The increase of sales tax hit the colonists. Wealthy Creoles were repeatedly being pressured by the Spanish born in Mexico (Peninsulares) and the Crown in Spain. The sale of church lands was becoming usu al and it impacted the priests dramatically. The Indian communities were also harassed by a demand of a greater tribute than the previous ...

12 Steps to Writing a Research Proposal

12 Steps to Writing a Research Proposal A guideline on writing a research proposal. Follow 12 steps described in the article below to write a research proposal effectively. There is a number of useful tips that can be used for writing an effective thesis proposal. First, remember that a thesis proposal is generally written in a present or future tense. When you write your actual master’s thesis, you will need to use past tense. Below you will find the main steps that will show you how to write a research proposal. Want to know more about what a research proposal is? Below is the article explaining what a research proposal is: WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROPOSAL? A Guideline on Writing a Research Proposal Step 1: Make a great introduction.  The part that is designed to capture your reader’s attention is the introduction to your master thesis proposal. It is a good idea to write it last, that way it is more likely to become interesting and you will sound like you know what to do. This recommendation might seem strange at first; however, it’s perfectly logical because once everything has been researched, written and checked, you will have a good picture of what the end product is like. With this picture in mind, it’s best to work on the introductory part of your paper last. Step 2: State the problem.  Voice your research question. You might want to restate it in the form of the sentence so that your reader understands it better. Step 3: Provide background.  Explain how the problem emerged. Give some background information on the issue you are going to research to substantiate the need for the problem resolution. Step 4: Declare the purpose.  You should necessarily mention the purpose of your dissertation in the thesis proposal. Step 5: State significance.  Mentioning the significance of the problem will add value to your research project. Step 6:  Explain methods.  Your reader should be aware of the methods your research project is going to utilize. Step 7: Review literature.  A master’s research proposal is unthinkable without reviewing literature that is relevant to the topic of research. A thorough analysis of the literature sources should be conducted and clearly explained in the proposal. Do not forget to mention any alternative viewpoints on the topic; they might be useful in researching your question. Step 8: Formulate a clear hypothesis.  Hypothesis section sets the goal for the thesis. If it is clear and understandable, the entire research project will become clear and easy to carry out. Step 9: Define your terms.  Your proposal will be read by people who might not fully understand your dissertation and the terms it uses. You will need to provide a definition for every term you are using in your master’s thesis. Step 10: Tell your reader about your research assumptions.  The research proposal for your master’s thesis should contain the basic assumptions you are making while working on the essay. Step 11: Define scope and limitations.  Any research has its scope and limitations; you just can’t cover everything with just one research project. Clearly, state the limitations and scope for your study and outline possibility for subsequent research. Step 12: Explain the procedure.  Your reader should be aware of the procedure you are going to follow in the writing process. You will need to explain what and how will be done within the framework of your research. These simple steps will allow you to come up with a research proposal that will high chances of getting approved either by your advisor or the board of advisors. Once the research proposal is completed and approved, we can move on to reviewing the basic thesis structure. Here is a great list of research proposal topics: 50 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPICS FOR MASTERS DISSERTATION In case you want our writers to create a custom-written research proposal for you, let us know. All the outlined steps have proven their efficiency for getting the research proposal approved. We are also open to revising your research proposal outline and format until it becomes truly effective. Our writers can also review, revise and proofread your essay in case you have completed it yourself and want to have it reviewed by a professional writer. Whatever the case please visit the order page and we will start working on your research proposal.

How situational leadership can help raise your organisation's Essay

How situational leadership can help raise your organisation's performance - Essay Example Over the period of time, there have been different attempts to define leadership and its overall impact on the organization. There has been extensive research on understanding the relationship between the organizational performance as well as the style of leadership. Different authors have attempted to link specific leadership styles with the way an organization performs when a particular set of leadership style is in place. Situational leadership is one such concept outlining that there is no single best concept or style of leadership. The best leadership therefore is task related and therefore the most successful leadership is the one which can easily adapt its style to the level of maturity. Robbins et.al outline that the overall performance of the leader as well as the organization critically depends upon the nature of the relationships between the followers and the leaders. Under situational leadership, the overall organizational effectiveness as well as the performance largely depends upon what followers do and how they do it. The overall organizational performance under the situational leadership therefore largely depends upon the notion of the task as well as the supportive behavior from the followers. This paper will therefore discuss as to how the situational leadership can actually allow an organization to perform better and how it can raise the performance standards of the organization. Leadership Defined Over the period of time, it has been unanimously agreed by almost all the academics and researchers that leadership is probably the single most important factor in the success and failure of an organization. One of the lasting impressions of the successful leaders is that the environment and culture set by the leaders remain after they depart. Such a lasting influence and impact on the way leaders impact the organizations and societies therefore deserve special attention in carefully defining the overall concept of leadership. (Boaden, 2006) Accord ing to Robbins et.al there are different explanations and definitions of leadership which have evolved over the period of time. It is however, critical to note that the different authors have disagreed on the use of formal as well as informal influence as an integral part of the overall leadership concept. (Robbins, Millett, & Waters-Marsh, 1998) According to Robbins et.al the leadership is the ability to influence others in order to achieve common goals which can contribute towards any worthwhile goal. (Robbins, Millett, R, & Waters-Marsh, 1998) This definition therefore outlines some important ideas regarding leadership besides indicating the parameters within which leadership as a concept can be assessed. Robbins et.al have also clearly separated the use of force and use of influence as two different aspects and it has been argued that the leaders do not force others to do something but rather they influence them to achieve a common goal. Apart from achievement of common goals, l eaders are also expected to give a shared vision as well as a worthwhile purpose. Situational Leadership Situational leadership is a relatively new concept developed two different authors during 1970s and 1980s. Developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, the theories of situational leadership are considered as one of the most important contributions towards the field of leadership and its impact on the organizations. Both the authors have developed their own set of theories and models based on the situational leadership concepts. The basic or core idea behind the concept of situational leadership is based on the idea that there is no preferred style of leadership whereas the effectiveness of a leader can be judged only by the ability of the leader to adapt to maturity. The leaders therefore are considered

Sustainability in Global Business The German Car Industry BMW Statistics Project

Sustainability in Global Business The German Car Industry BMW - Statistics Project Example The company enjoys a strong brand name as customers view their products as offering premier value. In spite of the company’s standing, it faces significant environmental and socio-political risks in the next 50 years. Germany continues to enjoy a distinct position in the global automotive industry. For instance, German cars account for 17 percent of the world’s passenger car production. In the domestic Germany’s scenario, the car industry remains the most vital sector in the economy. The car industry, in this sense, serves both a functional and aesthetic purpose since it brands the country. The German cars, for instance, have manifested the country as capable of impeccable efficiency. Germany remains the Europe’s largest automobile producer with the highest concentration of OEM plants in the continent. This also reflects in the industry’s annual investment of EUR 19.6 billion towards research and development (Nooteboom 2006, p. 56). As a result, the country records 10 new auto patents in a day. In the contemporary business setting, industries have a role beyond the pursuit of profits. This happens as individuals realize that businesses create externalities to the environment. One of the externalities that businesses consistently create to the society is destruction of the environment. Pollution from industries emit substances in the environment that interferes with the sustainability of the ecosystem and, especially, threatens the future of human life. Environment is a key concern in the sustainability campaigns. It is essential to highlight that automobiles highly contribute to global emission levels. This occurs since petroleum fuels are the main source of energy for car movement. The EU offers an analysis and regulation measures that best defines the current state and targets. The EU reports that cars are responsible for about 12 percent of aggregate emissions of carbon dioxide, which is the major greenhouse gas. According to one of the